澳大利亚极右政党One Nation近年再度崛起。该党在2026年首次突破获得众议院席位，在Farrer地区赢得补选，并在南澳州初选中获得22.9%的支持率，几乎与其1998年昆州首次政治冲击时的22.7%持平[1]。这一表现标志着One Nation从区域性政党向全国性力量的转变。
1998年联邦选举中，由Pauline Hanson领导的One Nation获得众议院初选票8.4%和参议院票9%，但因列席规则未能赢得众议院席位[1]。三年后的2001年选举中，当时的总理John Howard推行的"太平洋解决方案"和9·11事件的发生使选民重新聚焦边境安全议题，削弱了Hanson关于移民问题的政治优势[1]。此后的2016年联邦选举中，One Nation参议院初选得票率仅为4.3%，远低于其1998年的9%水平[1]。
2025年联邦选举中，Labor政府赢得150个议会席位中的94席，其中64席来自首都城市[1]，城乡分化加剧的政治格局为One Nation的地方性不满提供了土壤。
One Nation has achieved a significant breakthrough in Australian politics, winning its first House of Representatives seat in the Farrer by-election and nearly securing the status of official opposition party in South Australia [1]. The party's initial primary vote in South Australia reached 22.9 percent in March 2026, nearly matching its 22.7 percent result in Queensland during its first major breakthrough in 1998 [1].
The contrast between One Nation's current trajectory and its 1998 emergence reveals substantial changes in the political landscape. In the 1998 federal election, One Nation secured 8.4 percent of House primary votes and 9 percent of Senate votes but failed to win any House seats due to preferential ballot positioning [1]. By 2016, the party's Senate primary vote had declined to 4.3 percent, representing less than half its 1998 level [1]. The resurgence now suggests a reversal of that downward trend, as the party has transitioned from being predominantly regional in Queensland to establishing stronger support across multiple states.
The mechanisms that previously contained One Nation's influence have shifted significantly. In 2001, the Howard government's Pacific Solution immigration policy and the September 11 terror attacks redirected voter focus toward border security, diminishing Hanson's issue dominance [1]. By contrast, the current Labor government under Albanese secured 94 of 150 parliamentary seats in the 2025 federal election, with 64 seats derived from capital cities [1], suggesting different political conditions and electoral strategies than those deployed by Howard three decades earlier.