杜克大学研究人员开发了一种可注射的生物材料支架，在小鼠实验中成功促进了中风损伤大脑的修复1。该支架通过招募免疫细胞并改变其作用方式，促进新血管生成、神经再生，并恢复运动功能1。这项研究成果已发表在《Cell Biomaterials》杂志上1。
这项创新采用了MAPS（微孔退火颗粒支架）技术1。研究团队在支架表面固定了细胞外囊泡信号分子，其中包含IL-4和C1q等关键分子，用于吸引和转化中性粒细胞等免疫细胞1。在适当的信号和材料环境下，这些免疫细胞可从促进炎症转变为促进修复的状态1。单独使用不含生物材料支架的细胞外囊泡无法产生可比的血管修复效果1。
治疗效果在小鼠身上得到了验证。接受治疗的小鼠在八周后于网格行走测试中的表现与健康对照组无显著统计差异1。目前这项研究仍处于临床前阶段1。
Researchers at Duke University have developed an injectable biomaterial scaffold designed to facilitate brain repair following stroke damage.1 The treatment works by recruiting immune cells, such as neutrophils, and converting their function from harmful to beneficial, while coordinating multiple repair processes through extracellular vesicle signaling molecules anchored to the scaffold surface.1
The approach, which employs microstructured annealed particles scaffold (MAPS) technology, was tested in mice with a specific combination of signaling molecules—IL-4 and C1q—to attract immune cells to the injury site.1 Eight weeks after treatment, mice receiving the therapy performed comparably to healthy control animals in grid-walking tests, indicating restored motor function.1 The scaffold additionally promoted the generation of new blood vessels and supported nerve regeneration in the damaged brain tissue.1
The research, published in Cell Biomaterials, revealed that neutrophils can shift from promoting inflammation to promoting repair when exposed to appropriate signals and material conditions.1 Notably, extracellular vesicles alone, without the biomaterial scaffold, failed to produce comparable effects on blood vessel repair, underscoring the importance of the scaffold's structural role.1 The work remains in the preclinical stage, having been conducted in mouse models.1
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