图兰大学研究人员近日在《科学进展》期刊发表重要发现，揭示了蝙蝠携带危险病毒却不会严重患病的免疫学原理1。研究表明，全球超过500种翼手蝠拥有两套独立的抗体基因系统，这是哺乳动物中从未被发现的特殊免疫特征1。相比之下，已知的其他哺乳动物仅拥有一套抗体基因系统1。
抗体由两条重链和两条轻链蛋白组成，而翼手蝠独特之处在于具有两个独立的重链基因系统1。这一发现为理解蝙蝠如何在携带病毒的同时维持健康状态提供了新的科学解释1。参与研究的Hannah Frank表示："这完全改变了我们对哺乳动物免疫系统组织方式的理解"1。该研究由图兰大学、斯坦福大学和美国疾病控制与预防中心合作完成1。
Researchers at Tulane University have discovered that more than 500 bat species carry two distinct antibody gene systems, a unique immune feature never before identified in mammals.1 The findings, published in Science Advances in December 2026, reveal that while other known mammals possess only a single set of antibody genes, bats have evolved two independent heavy-chain gene systems that together compose their antibodies alongside two light-chain proteins.1
This discovery, developed through collaboration between Tulane University, Stanford University, and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, may explain how bats can harbor dangerous viruses without becoming severely ill.1 According to Hannah Frank, a researcher involved in the study: "This completely changes how we think about the organization of the mammalian immune system."1 The dual antibody system appears to provide bats with an enhanced immune mechanism that allows them to tolerate pathogens that would prove lethal to other mammals, offering new insights into the evolution of immune defenses across mammalian species.1
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