巴西最高法院周三裁定维持州法律的合宪性，这些法律撤销了遵守大豆禁运协议的农民所享受的税收激励[1]。该禁运协议自2006年启动，是一项自愿承诺而非法律约束，禁止购买亚马逊退化土地上种植的大豆，近二十年来帮助大幅减少了森林砍伐[1]。在禁运实施的第一个十年内，高风险地区的森林砍伐减少了35%[1]。
最高法院的决定实际上为大豆禁运的瓦解铺平了道路[1]。2024年1月，主要粮食交易商在顶级产豆州通过撤销税收优惠的法案后退出了该禁运[1]。若禁运协议最终结束，未来十年可能导致多达140万公顷的亚马逊森林遭到砍伐[1]。
巴西大豆产量占全球约40%，2024-25年度预计达到1.715亿公吨，中国是巴西大豆出口的首要目的地[1]。
Brazil's Supreme Court on Wednesday ruled that state laws are constitutional, a decision that effectively sealed the fate of a landmark soy moratorium that had protected the Amazon rainforest for nearly two decades [1]. The laws in question revoked tax incentives for farmers who complied with the moratorium, which prohibited the purchase of soybeans grown on degraded Amazon land [1].
The moratorium, launched in 2006 as a voluntary commitment rather than a legal requirement, had proven remarkably effective in reducing deforestation during its first decade of operation, cutting forest loss by 35 percent in high-risk areas [1]. Major grain traders exited the agreement in January 2024 after state legislators in top soybean-producing regions passed bills eliminating the tax benefits that had encouraged compliance [1]. With Brazil accounting for approximately 40 percent of global soy production and China serving as its primary export destination, the implications of the moratorium's collapse are significant [1]. Should the agreement end entirely, researchers project that up to 1.4 million hectares of forest could be cleared over the next decade [1]. Brazil's soy output for the 2024-25 season stands at 171.5 million tonnes [1].