美国总统特朗普签署行政令，对儿童疫苗接种政策进行重大调整[1]。该行政令将推荐疫苗种类从18种减少至11种，并要求麻疹、腮腺炎和风疹(MMR)疫苗分开接种[1]。分析人士警告，这一举措将加重疫苗犹豫问题，引发传染病卷土重来的风险[1]。
麻疹防控面临严峻挑战。有效控制麻疹需要全国95%的人口接种率，但美国目前已低于这一水平[1]。2025年美国报告了2,289例麻疹病例和3例死亡，住院率达11%，创1992年以来最高纪录[1]。除疫苗政策调整外，特朗普政府还宣布对卫生与公众服务部进行重大重组和人员裁减[1]，并宣布美国从世界卫生组织撤出，中断国际援助项目[1]。
这些政策变化的连锁影响预计将十分广泛。国会预算办公室估计，医疗保险限制政策将导致780万人在2034年前失去医保[1]。在全球层面，研究估计国际资金大幅削减可能导致到2030年增加440万至1080万例HIV感染和77万至290万例与HIV相关死亡[1]。
President Trump has signed an executive order that fundamentally reshapes the nation's childhood vaccination policy, reducing the number of recommended vaccines from 18 to 11 and mandating that measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccines be administered separately rather than as a combination [1]. This policy shift threatens to undermine decades of progress in disease prevention, as the United States requires a 95% population vaccination rate to maintain measles control—a threshold the nation has already fallen below [1].
The consequences are already evident. In 2025, the United States reported 2,289 measles cases and 3 deaths, with an 11% hospitalization rate representing the highest toll since 1992 [1]. Beyond immediate disease outbreaks, the administration's broader health policy changes compound the damage. The Trump administration has announced major restructuring and personnel cuts at the Department of Health and Human Services, withdrawn the United States from the World Health Organization, and halted international aid programs [1]. These moves extend the public health crisis globally, as research estimates that substantial cuts to international funding could result in 4.4 to 10.8 million additional HIV infections and 770,000 to 2.9 million HIV-related deaths by 2030 [1]. Additionally, the Congressional Budget Office estimates that healthcare restrictions will cause 7.8 million people to lose medical insurance by 2034 [1].
