哈尔滨工业大学研究人员发现，由激光推动的星际太阳帆在达到光速约75%时会遭遇意外阻力1。研究表明，在相对论速度下，相对论光行差效应使散射光线产生向后的拖拽力，降低激光推进系统的效率1。这一发现为未来的星际飞行任务提出了新的技术挑战。
研究对光子与帆的相互作用进行了分类分析1。入射光对帆产生最强的推进力，镜面反射和漫射散射的效应相对较弱1。随着帆速的增加，多普勒效应导致激光推进效率逐步递减1。
由沈超和李家泽撰写的研究论文已于2026年6月2日发表在arXiv上，DOI为10.48550/arXiv.2606.040521。值得注意的是，该研究未包括星际气体和尘埃碰撞、材料热极限等非辐射效应对系统的影响1。
Researchers at Harbin Institute of Technology have identified a surprising obstacle for laser-propelled interstellar solar sails operating at relativistic velocities.1 At approximately 75% of light speed, relativistic aberration causes scattered photons to generate backward-directed drag forces on the sail, significantly reducing propulsion efficiency.1
The study reveals that photons interact with the sail surface in three distinct ways: incident light provides the strongest push, while specular reflection and diffuse scattering offer progressively weaker contributions.1 As the sail accelerates, the Doppler effect compounds the problem by causing laser propulsion efficiency to decline with increasing velocity.1
The research was conducted by Shen Chao and Li Jiaze of Harbin Institute of Technology and published on arXiv on June 2, 2026, with DOI: 10.48550/arXiv.2606.04052.1 The analysis does not account for non-radiative effects such as collisions with interstellar gas and dust particles or material thermal limitations, leaving room for further investigation into real-world operational constraints.1
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