特朗普政府2025年3月发布的一项金融监管命令，旨在遏制毒品贩运集团的洗钱活动，却对美墨边境地区的小型企业造成了严重打击。[1]
该命令由美国财政部金融犯罪执法网络（FinCen）下达，要求美墨边境地区的金融服务机构报告所有超过200美元的现金交易，这一门槛后来在2025年9月调整为1000美元。[1]政策最初覆盖得州和加州的30个邮编区，旨在遏制毒品贩运集团洗钱，但实际上严重冲击了长期为缺乏银行账户的移民社区提供汇款和账单支付服务的换汇店和杂货店等小型商户。[1]截至2月23日，86家受影响企业已提交了70万份报告，其中单个企业Kiosko Multiservicios在2025年3月就处理了约4000笔超过1000美元的交易。[1]政府估计小企业手工报告每份需耗时24分钟。[1]
这一政策遭到了广泛的法律挑战。[1]加州以及亚利桑那州、得州的多家企业和民权组织提起诉讼，指控该命令违宪且权力过度扩张。[1]联邦地方法院已叫停了加州和已诉讼的亚利桑那州、得州企业的政策实施，第九巡回法院在2025年7月维持了暂停令，但第五巡回法院的裁决仍未决。[1]与此同时，特朗普政府在2025年7月签署法律，对国际汇款征收1%的税款，进一步加大了边境汇款的负担。[1]墨西哥2023年至2025年间每年从美国接收的汇款超过600亿美元，这一政策的扩展计划包括在2026年3月将范围延伸至新墨西哥州伯纳利罗县和亚利桑那州马里科帕县等地。[1]
The Trump administration issued a geographically targeted FinCEN order in March 2025 requiring financial service businesses in the US-Mexico border region to report cash transactions exceeding $200—later adjusted to $1,000 in September 2025—in an effort to combat drug cartel money laundering[1]. The policy took effect in April 2025 and initially covered 30 ZIP codes in Texas and California before expanding to Bernalillo County in New Mexico and Maricopa County in Arizona in March 2026[1].
Rather than disrupting criminal enterprises, the mandate has crippled legitimate small businesses that serve immigrant communities lacking traditional banking access[1]. These money exchange shops and corner stores have long provided remittance and bill-payment services to underbanked populations, with Mexico receiving over $60 billion annually in US remittances between 2023 and 2025[1]. The compliance burden has proven severe: one affected business, Kiosko Multiservicios, processed approximately 4,000 transactions exceeding $1,000 in March 2025 alone, while government estimates indicate each manual report requires 24 minutes to complete[1]. As of February 23, 86 impacted businesses had already submitted 700,000 reports[1].
The order has prompted legal challenges across multiple jurisdictions[1]. Federal district courts halted implementation in California and in litigated cases in Arizona and Texas, a decision the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals upheld in July 2025 by maintaining the suspension order[1]. A Fifth Circuit Court ruling remains pending[1]. Additionally, the administration signed legislation in July 2025 imposing a 1 percent tax on international wire transfers, further pressuring cross-border financial activity[1].