德国基尔市在经历2023年10月150多年来最严重的风暴潮后，正将气候适应作为城市发展的核心战略[1][2]。那场风暴潮摧毁了堤坝、冲毁海岸悬崖和码头，导致海岸崖地被侵蚀2.68米，这一数字超过了过去20年年均侵蚀量的四倍多[1][2]。基尔市于2025年建立了专门的气候适应部门，并在2026年2月采纳了适应计划[1][2]。
为提高城市韧性，基尔市正在实施一系列适应措施[1][2]。该市在建筑立面增加植被、重新设计公园以改善通风并引入冷空气[1][2]。同时基尔市正测试20种树种，以确定哪些能够承受未来的高温、干旱和海盐喷雾[2]，种植适应性树种可使街道温度降低约1.5摄氏度[2]。其中一项创新举措是采用多功能足球场设计，该设计可在暴雨期间蓄积雨水，但年间可能导致足球场长达60天无法使用[1][2]。
市政官员强调，气候适应与气候保护应该并行不悖[1]。基尔市官员玛蒂娜·鲍姆表示"气候变化的影响在基尔几乎不是抽象的"[2]。另一位官员安娜弗里德·施图尔默指出，谈论气候适应比讨论气候变化本身更容易引起居民共鸣，因为前者更具体可感[1][2]。树木研究需要20至30年才能获得实际成果[1]，这意味着适应工作需要长期承诺。
The German city of Kiel is reshaping its urban landscape in response to intensifying climate threats, following a devastating storm surge in October 2023 that proved to be the most severe in over 150 years.[1][2] That event destroyed dikes, eroded coastal cliffs, and damaged piers, with the shoreline losing 2.68 meters—more than four times the average annual erosion rate of the previous two decades.[1][2] To build resilience against future extreme weather, Kiel established a climate adaptation department in 2025 and adopted a comprehensive adaptation plan in February 2026.[1][2]
The city's strategy encompasses multiple interventions across its built environment. Planners are testing 20 tree species to identify varieties that can withstand future heat waves, droughts, and salt spray, with research expected to yield practical results within 20 to 30 years.[2] Trees planted along streets can reduce air temperature by approximately 1.5 degrees Celsius.[2] Other measures include adding vegetation to building facades, redesigning parks to improve air circulation, and creating multipurpose public spaces—such as soccer fields that can store rainwater during heavy storms but may be unavailable for up to 60 days annually.[1][2] City officials stress that climate adaptation complements rather than replaces climate protection efforts, emphasizing that the impacts of climate change in Kiel are now tangible rather than theoretical.[1][2]