美国总统特朗普于2026年8月11日签署行政命令，推动对儿童疫苗政策的全面改革[1]。该命令要求将麻腮风三联疫苗分成三剂单独接种，在可能情况下分开医疗预约进行接种，并支持仅11种核心儿童疫苗，同时建议各州审查学校入学疫苗要求[1]。这一政策由卫生部长肯尼迪推动，他曾在1月份试图从17种疾病疫苗中移除6种，但遭到联邦法官阻止[1]。
该命令遭到医学专家、疾病防控机构和部分共和党议员的强烈反对[1]。美国儿科学会主席Andrew Racine估计，开发和批准单独疫苗可能需要十多年[1]。共和党参议员、医生比尔·卡西迪谴责该命令称："这个行政命令是错误的。总统没有做出这些改变的专业知识"[1]。专家警告，该政策可能增加儿童患可预防疾病的风险[1]。
特朗普多次暗示儿童疫苗数量或时间与自闭症谱系障碍上升有关[1]，但科学共识认为疫苗与自闭症无关[1]。与此同时，美国正经历35年来最严重的麻疹疫情[1]。
President Donald Trump signed an executive order on Monday, August 11, 2026, to fundamentally reshape vaccination policy for children in the United States [1]. The directive, championed by Health Secretary Robert Kennedy, calls for reducing the number of recommended immunizations, splitting the MMR (measles, mumps, rubella) vaccine into three separate single-dose injections, and spacing out vaccination appointments [1]. The order endorses only 11 core childhood vaccines and encourages states to review school entry vaccination requirements [1].
The move has drawn sharp criticism from medical professionals and public health officials [1]. Andrew Racine, president of the American Academy of Pediatrics, cautioned that developing and gaining approval for separate vaccines could take more than a decade [1]. Republican Senator Bill Cassidy, a physician, condemned the executive order, stating: "This executive order is wrong. The president does not have the expertise to make these changes" [1]. The order comes amid the nation's most severe measles outbreak in 35 years [1].
Trump has repeatedly suggested a connection between the number or timing of childhood vaccines and rising autism spectrum disorder diagnoses, though scientific consensus maintains no such link exists [1]. Kennedy previously attempted in January to remove six diseases from a vaccine roster of 17, but a federal judge blocked the effort [1].