今年上半年，中国对日本的7种受管制稀土出口大幅下滑51%[1]。其中鏑和鋱出口量自年初以来均为零[1]，釔的出口量也在6月降至零[1]。这一下滑幅度远超对其他地区的影响，同期中国对美国稀土出口下降28%，全球整体下降16%[1]。
中国商务部自2025年4月推出稀土出口许可证制度，对釤、釓、鋱、鏑、鎦、鈧、釔等7类中重稀土实施出口管制[1]。自该政策实施以来，对日相关稀土出口已连续4个月下滑[1]。具体到近期，6月中国受管制稀土对日出口量较去年同期锐减81%[1]。此外，中国在今年1月已将包括稀土在内的军民两用物项纳入对日出口管制，相关清单涵盖1005项[1]。
China's exports of seven controlled rare earth elements to Japan dropped sharply by 51% during the first half of 2025, with dysprosium and terbium shipments falling to zero.[1] The decline accelerated in June, when controlled rare earth exports to Japan plummeted 81% compared to the same period last year.[1] Meanwhile, China's rare earth exports to the United States decreased by 28%, while global exports fell 16% overall.[1]
The sharp reduction follows China's implementation of a rare earth export licensing system in April 2025, which placed seven heavy and medium rare earth elements—samarium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, lutetium, scandium, and yttrium—under export controls.[1] Year-to-date, neither dysprosium nor terbium has been exported to Japan, while yttrium exports dropped to zero in June.[1] Chinese rare earth shipments to Japan have been declining consecutively for four months since March 2025.[1] Additionally, in January 2025, China tightened export controls on dual-use items destined for Japan, expanding the restricted list to encompass 1,005 items.[1]