位于荷兰海牙的常设仲裁法院裁定，印度必须履行与巴基斯坦的1960年《印度河水资源条约》12。法院一致驳回了印度提出的暂停该条约的所有理由2，认定条约在法律上永久有效，任何一方均无权单方面暂停或终止1。作为该裁决的直接后果，印度被禁止在克什米尔的Ratle水电站建设中超过规定水位浇筑混凝土1，该限制措施将持续至世界银行任命的中立专家作出最终决定后90天1。
印度方面拒绝接受这一裁决，称仲裁庭非法成立1。印度曾在2025年4月宣布暂停该条约，时间点为克什米尔发生导致26人死亡的枪击事件之后1。法院明确表示，印度以恐怖主义、国家主权、气候变化等为由暂停条约的理由均不成立1。相比之下，巴基斯坦政府对这一裁决表示欢迎2。根据该条约，东部三河（Ravi、Sutlej、Beas）的水资源分配给印度，西部三河（Indus、Jhelum、Chenab）的大部分水资源分配给巴基斯坦1。2025年5月，印巴两国在交换军事打击后宣布停火，但双边关系仍处于冻结状态1。
The Permanent Court of Arbitration in The Hague ruled that India must comply with the 1960 Indus Waters Treaty with Pakistan, rejecting all grounds India cited for suspending the agreement.12 The court determined that the treaty remains fully in force and that neither party has the right to unilaterally suspend or terminate it.1 India is prohibited from pouring concrete above a specified water level at the Ratle hydroelectric project in the disputed Kashmir region, with this restriction remaining in place for 90 days following a final determination by a World Bank-appointed neutral expert, expected before July 2027.1
India refused to accept the ruling, claiming the arbitration panel was illegally constituted, while Pakistan welcomed the decision.1 India announced in April 2025 that it was suspending the treaty following a shooting incident in Kashmir that killed 26 people.1 The court unanimously rejected India's justifications for suspension, which included terrorism, national sovereignty, and climate change concerns.1 The 1960 treaty allocates waters from the three eastern rivers—the Ravi, Sutlej, and Beas—to India, while assigning the majority of waters from the three western rivers—the Indus, Jhelum, and Chenab—to Pakistan.1 Although India and Pakistan announced a ceasefire following military exchanges in May 2025, their relations remain frozen.1
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