俄罗斯正以虚假承诺大规模招募喀麦隆等非洲国家的青年参战。1截至2026年5月，约有3000名非洲各国公民为俄罗斯作战或仍在作战，其中喀麦隆、加纳、埃及、肯尼亚和乌干达被确认为主要来源国。1喀麦隆于2026年4月证实了16名国民的死亡，其中7人在乌克兰军事行动中阵亡。1
招募活动通常以建筑工作、保安职位或学习项目为幌子进行。1招募时承诺月薪为10万西非法郎（约150欧元或175美元），但实际薪资可达300万西非法郎。1俄罗斯政府以"非洲倡议"和"阿拉布加"等项目名义开展招募，这些项目被冠以文化或教育交流的名义，实际与军事招募密切相关。1法国曾将"非洲倡议"描述为由俄罗斯情报部门管理的前线，旨在传播宣传。1
根据国际法第47条，以私人经济利益为主要动机直接参与敌对行为的人被定义为雇佣兵。1
Cameroon has emerged as one of Russia's primary recruitment sources for military personnel across Africa, with thousands of young people lured into combat through false promises. 1 According to Ukrainian officials, approximately 3,000 African citizens have fought or continue to fight for Russia as of May 2026. 1 Cameroon alone confirmed 16 national deaths reported by Russia in April 2026, including seven killed during military operations in Ukraine. 1
Recruitment campaigns typically employ deceptive tactics, offering false prospects of construction work, security positions, or educational programs before deploying recruits to the battlefield. 1 Young men are promised salaries of 100,000 West African francs (€150; $175), contrasted with claims of 3 million West African francs for military service. 1 Russia operates programs nominally branded as cultural or educational initiatives—such as the "Africa Initiative" and "Arabuga"—which France has identified as fronts managed by Russian intelligence agencies for propaganda and military recruitment purposes. 1 Other confirmed source countries include Ghana, Egypt, Kenya, and Uganda. 1
Under international law, individuals motivated primarily by private economic interest and directly participating in hostilities may be classified as mercenaries under Article 47. 1
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