1966年8月，波士顿天文学教授Gerald Hawkins向BBC的《纪事》(Chronicle)节目介绍了一项引人瞩目的理论：新石器时代的Stonehenge石阵实际上是一台用于预测日食的天文计算装置1。这一观点建立在他1965年出版的著作《Stonehenge Decoded》的基础之上，该书详细分析了石阵的天文对齐情况1。根据Hawkins的推论，Stonehenge最大圆圈标记周长上的56个孔洞可以充当月球运动的计数器1。他利用哈佛-史密森天文台的IBM计算机进行了相关分析1。
然而，现代考古学研究已经推翻了这一理论。考古学家Michael Parker Pearson将这一假说描述为已"进入垃圾堆"1。当代证据表明，Stonehenge是在超过1500年的漫长时期内分阶段建造而成的纪念碑，其天文方向并非精确的测量工具1。更为关键的是，研究发现英国人直到公元前1000年左右才开始追踪日食预测，这比Stonehenge的全盛期晚了1500至2000年1。
In August 1966, Gerald Hawkins, an astronomy professor at Boston University, presented a bold theory to BBC's Chronicle program: Stonehenge functioned as an ancient astronomical calculator designed to predict solar eclipses 1. Hawkins argued that the 56 holes arranged in the monument's largest circle served as a counting mechanism for tracking lunar movements 1. His hypothesis drew from detailed computational analysis he had conducted using IBM computers at the Harvard-Smithsonian Observatory, which he published in his 1965 book "Stonehenge Decoded" 1.
However, modern archaeology has thoroughly discredited Hawkins' theory. Contemporary scholar Michael Parker Pearson characterizes the eclipse prediction hypothesis as having "gone into the dustbin" 1. Researchers now understand that Stonehenge was constructed over a multi-stage process spanning more than 1,500 years, rather than as a unified astronomical instrument 1. Furthermore, archaeological evidence suggests that British people did not begin systematically tracking eclipse predictions until around 1000 BC—roughly 1,500 to 2,000 years after Stonehenge reached its peak construction period 1. While Stonehenge does contain astronomical alignments, scholars recognize these were not designed to function as precise measuring tools for predicting celestial events 1.
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