岩石行星可能在宇宙大爆炸后仅100万年开始形成

英国朴茨茅斯大学的研究人员通过计算机模拟发现，岩石行星的形成条件可能比科学界此前认为的早得多。1据该校宇宙学与万有引力研究所的最新研究，这些类地行星可能在宇宙大爆炸后仅100万年就已开始形成。1

研究表明，第一代超大质量恒星爆炸（Pop III超新星）释放的重元素可在年轻恒星周围形成行星盘。1模拟发现，这些行星盘包含足够的固体物质和水来孕育岩石行星，其中固体物质足以形成数个地球质量的行星前身体。1在模拟中，这些行星距所绕恒星的距离与地球到太阳的距离大致相同，而恒星质量约为太阳质量的70%。1这些早期行星盘中的水含量虽然比太阳系形成时少数倍，但仍然足以支持岩石行星的形成。1该研究成果已发表于《天体物理学快报》期刊。1

Research from the University of Portsmouth's Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation has revealed that the conditions necessary for rocky planet formation may have emerged surprisingly early in cosmic history.1 According to computer simulations, rocky planets could have begun forming merely 100 million years after the Big Bang, substantially earlier than scientists had previously anticipated.1

The study demonstrates that explosions of the first generation of supermassive stars, known as Population III supernovae, dispersed heavy elements that could create planetary disks around young stars.1 These disks contained sufficient solid material and water to form Earth-like planets.1 The simulations indicated that planets could form around stars with masses approximately 70 percent that of our Sun,1 at distances from their host stars comparable to Earth's distance from the Sun.1 The solid material within these planetary disks was substantial enough to form planetary precursors several times Earth's mass,1 while the water content was only a few times less abundant than during the formation of our own solar system.1

The findings were published in The Astrophysical Journal Letters in 2026.1