德国癌症研究中心（DKFZ）的最新研究表明，肥胖与癌症的关联程度远超此前认知[1]。该研究基于英国生物银行458,543名参与者的12年追踪数据，发现超重可能导致11.5%的癌症病例发生，这一数字远高于既往研究估计的2%-8%[1]。研究期间共记录50,000个新发癌症病例[1]。
研究人员通过排除观察期前七年的癌症病例来控制混杂因素，以防止癌症本身导致的体重下降影响结果[1]。数据分析显示，超重女性的患癌比例高于男性[1]。腹部脂肪释放的信号分子（脂肪因子）会诱发慢性炎症和代谢状态失调，通过影响细胞生长、分裂和程序性细胞死亡抑制等机制，增加结肠癌、乳腺癌和肝癌等多种癌症的发病风险[1]。
A new study from Germany's Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) reveals that cancer risks associated with excess weight have been significantly underestimated.[1] Research indicates that being overweight may account for as much as 11.5% of cancer cases, substantially higher than the 2% to 8% previously estimated.[1] This finding emerged from analysis of 12-year follow-up data on 458,543 participants from the UK Biobank, during which approximately 50,000 new cancer cases were identified.[1]
The research mechanism centers on abdominal fat, which releases signaling molecules that trigger chronic inflammation and metabolic dysfunction, increasing susceptibility to multiple cancer types including colorectal, breast, and liver cancer.[1] To ensure methodological rigor, investigators excluded cancer cases occurring during the first seven years of observation to rule out weight loss caused by cancer itself as a confounding factor.[1] The study also found that overweight women showed higher cancer incidence rates compared to men.[1]