一项对463对孪生子对的研究表明，性别认同具有遗传学基础。1研究发现，同卵双胞胎中若一人是跨性别者，另一人也是的概率为21.2%，而异卵双胞胎这一概率仅为8.7%。1这一显著差异表明基因在性别认同形成中起到重要作用。1相比之下，一般人口中跨性别认同的患病率为1-2%。1
该研究由Ken Pang、Anja Ravine、Kellan Baker和Will Conabere等研究人员完成，是该领域迄今最全面的分析。1研究结论显示，基因与环保因素共同塑造性别认同。1澳大利亚和美国的主要医学协会已谴责转换治疗。1
A comprehensive analysis of 463 twin pairs has provided evidence that gender identity has a genetic foundation, challenging assertions that transgender identity is purely a social phenomenon.1 Among identical twins, the probability that both siblings are transgender when one is reached 21.2 percent, compared to just 8.7 percent for fraternal twins, indicating that genes play a significant role in shaping gender identity.1 This difference between identical and fraternal twin concordance rates suggests that genetic factors, rather than shared environment alone, contribute substantially to whether a person identifies as transgender.1
The research team, comprising Ken Pang, Anja Ravine, Kellan Baker, and Will Conabere, found that gender identity results from the combined influence of genetic and environmental factors rather than being determined by either alone.1 For context, the prevalence of transgender identity in the general population ranges from 1 to 2 percent, making the elevated concordance rates among identical twins particularly significant.1 Major medical associations in Australia and the United States have condemned conversion therapy, reflecting broader scientific consensus on how gender identity should be approached.1
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