NASA的Nancy Grace Roman空间望远镜将在本周末由SpaceX火箭从肯尼迪航天中心发射1，预计明年初投入运作1。这台新望远镜拥有与哈勃空间望远镜相同大小的镜面，但视场大100倍以上1，将用于搜索暗能量证据并探测约10万颗系外行星1。
该望远镜以已故天文学家Nancy Grace Roman的名字命名1。Roman于1925年5月16日出生于纳什维尔，1946年在斯沃斯莫尔学院获得天文学学士学位，1949年在芝加哥大学获得天文学博士学位1。她在1955年发表的一篇标志性论文中证明了恒星运动与其化学成分的相关性1。1959年，Roman被NASA招募，成为该机构首任天文学主管，也是NASA历史上第一位担任行政职位的女性1。她在哈勃空间望远镜项目中做出了关键贡献，因此被广泛称为"哈勃之母"1。Roman于1979年从NASA退休1，2018年12月25日去世，享年93岁1。2020年5月，NASA宣布将其次代旗舰天文台命名为Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope1。
NASA's Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope is scheduled to launch this weekend aboard a SpaceX rocket from Kennedy Space Center, with operations expected to commence in early next year.1 The observatory features a mirror identical in size to the Hubble Space Telescope but with a field of view more than 100 times larger, enabling it to search for evidence of dark energy and detect approximately 100,000 exoplanets.1
The telescope bears the name of Nancy Grace Roman, a pioneering astronomer whose career fundamentally shaped modern space astronomy. Born on May 16, 1925, in Nashville, Tennessee, Roman earned her bachelor's degree in astronomy from Swarthmore College in 1946 and her doctorate from the University of Chicago in 1949.1 A landmark 1955 paper demonstrated a correlation between stellar motion and chemical composition, establishing her as a leading researcher in the field.1 In 1959, NASA recruited Roman to serve as its first chief astronomer—making her the agency's first woman to hold an administrative position.1 During her tenure, which ended with her retirement in 1979, Roman played an instrumental role in developing the Hubble Space Telescope, a project completed with the telescope's launch in 1990, earning her the widespread designation of "Mother of Hubble."1 Roman passed away on December 25, 2018, at the age of 93.1 In May 2020, NASA honored her legacy by naming its next-generation flagship astronomical observatory in her honor.1
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