"十五五"时期如何培养更多大国工匠？

中国"十五五"时期将实施大规模技能人才培养计划，目标是到2030年技能人才占就业人员比例从2025年的30%提升至35%。1国务院和人力资源社会保障部已印发相关规划，其中国务院于今年6月印发《实施就业优先战略"十五五"规划》，人力资源社会保障部于7月印发《人力资源和社会保障事业发展"十五五"规划》。1这一举措旨在通过系统性改革破解当前"有人没技、有技不对岗、有岗找不到人"的结构性矛盾。1

规划明确提出了多项具体举措，包括构建终身职业技能培训体系、深入推行"新八级工"职业技能等级制度以及发展校企合作等。1"十五五"时期还将打造"30分钟培训圈"，并发布培训公共服务电子地图，使技能培训更加便民可及。1多地已着手行动推进计划实施。湖南省今年已培训71.08万人次，并计划在"十五五"时期开展技能培训500万人次。1山东省自2025年秋季学期起，全省技工院校已将人工智能通识课纳入必修课程，课时不低于32学时。1

从规模来看，"十四五"以来全国技能人才总量已超过2.2亿人，其中高技能人才超7200万人。12026年上半年，全国新增取得职业资格或技能等级证书481.9万人次，其中高级工及以上193.6万人次，技师及以上14.1万人次。1在产教融合方面，新华教育集团去年200余所院校共开设智能制造、电气自动化定向订单班380余个，向企业定向输送技能人才1.5万余人。1

China's government has unveiled a comprehensive plan to expand its skilled workforce during the fifteenth five-year plan period, targeting a significant increase in the proportion of skilled workers among the employed population.1 The State Council and the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security have issued related planning documents establishing a goal to raise the share of skilled workers from 30 percent in 2025 to 35 percent by 2030.1

The initiative addresses a persistent structural mismatch in the labor market characterized by insufficient skilled workers, misalignment between worker skills and job requirements, and difficulty filling available positions.1 To tackle this challenge, the government plans to construct a lifelong vocational skills training system, deepen implementation of the "new eight-tier worker" occupational skills grading system, and foster closer partnerships between educational institutions and enterprises.1 As of the first half of 2026, the country had issued 4.819 million new vocational qualifications or skills certificates, including 1.936 million at the advanced worker level and above and 141,000 at the technician level and above.1

Building on progress from the fourteenth five-year plan period, China's skilled workforce now exceeds 220 million people, with over 72 million classified as highly skilled workers.1 Regional efforts are accelerating this expansion: Hunan Province trained 710,800 workers in the current year and plans to conduct 5 million skills training sessions during the fifteenth five-year plan period.1 In Shandong Province, all technical colleges have incorporated artificial intelligence as a mandatory course with a minimum of 32 class hours beginning in the autumn 2025 semester.1 The government also plans to establish a "30-minute training circle" and release a public service map for training resources to improve accessibility.1 Educational institutions are responding with expanded capacity, as exemplified by the New China Education Group, whose over 200 schools established more than 380 targeted training programs in intelligent manufacturing and electrical automation, placing over 15,000 skilled workers in positions in the previous year.1