三位中国经济学家在国际顶级期刊《法和经济学杂志》发表论文《来自圣人的庇佑：关羽崇拜与中国金融发展》，深入探讨关公崇拜对金融发展的影响机制1。论文作者分别为上海财经大学丁浩员教授、中山大学薛畅副教授和嘉兴大学张宇博士1。
研究发现，关羽因其忠义品质从众多三国名将中脱颖而出1。在商业实践中，商人供奉关公时将其称为"财神"而非"武圣"1。学者认为，这一现象反映了古人面对正式制度缺失时的制度创新——通过塑造信任观念、降低交易成本来促进金融发展1。如论文观点所述，"商无信不兴，拜关公信仰是古人在正式制度缺失情况下通过非正式制度规范商业行为的制度补充"1。该研究引发了学术界对传统文化与经济制度互动关系的进一步讨论1。
Three Chinese economists have published research in the prestigious international journal The Journal of Law and Economics exploring how veneration of Guan Yu, the legendary Three Kingdoms general, shaped trust and facilitated financial development in ancient China.1 The paper, titled "Blessings from Sages: Guan Yu Worship and Chinese Financial Development," was authored by Professor Ding Haoyuan from Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, Associate Professor Xue Chang from Sun Yat-sen University, and Dr. Zhang Yu from Jiaxing University.1
The research highlights a remarkable cultural shift in how merchants perceived Guan Yu.1 While Guan Yu gained prominence among the many Three Kingdoms generals due to his reputation for loyalty and righteousness, merchants who made offerings to him invoked him as a "god of wealth" rather than the "martial saint."1 According to the study's analysis, this transformation reflects an institutional innovation in which ancient Chinese merchants used informal institutions—religious faith and moral exemplars—to regulate commercial behavior in the absence of formal institutional frameworks.1 As the research notes, "commerce cannot flourish without trust, and the worship of Guan Yu was how ancient people used non-formal institutions to supplement and standardize business conduct when formal systems were lacking."1
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