澳大利亚上周确认首例哺乳动物因禽流感死亡的病例1，这一进展突显了新西兰在应对H5N1病毒传播中面临的日益复杂的挑战。新西兰已在三只野生鸟类中发现禽流感1，其中包括最近在北方巨海燕中的检出。禽流感在区域内的威胁范围正在扩大，2022年曾在北美海豹中检出，随后在秘鲁和智利造成超过30,000只南美海狮死亡1。2023年，这种病毒在阿根廷引发约17,000只南象海豹死亡1。2025年11月，澳大利亚赫德岛的海洋哺乳动物中也确认了病毒，其中17,000只南象海豹幼崽中有13,000只死亡1。
为应对这一持续蔓延的威胁，新西兰采取了One Health综合防控方法1。该方法由初级产业部协调，与保护部门密切合作，后者专注于保护濒危物种1。新西兰已启动对受威胁本土鸟类的疫苗接种计划，初期针对五个密集管理的物种进行1。随着病毒在野生鸟类和海洋哺乳动物中的进一步传播，新西兰的管理策略需要继续演进和适应1。
Australia's recent confirmation of the first mammal death from bird flu underscores the mounting challenges New Zealand faces in managing the H5N1 virus across its wildlife populations.1 The virus has already been detected in three wild bird species in New Zealand, including a recent discovery in a northern giant petrel.1 The regional pattern demonstrates H5N1's escalating threat to marine mammals: in 2022, the virus was detected in North American seals, followed by deaths exceeding 30,000 South American sea lions in Peru and Chile.1 Argentina saw approximately 17,000 Southern elephant seal deaths in 2023,1 while in November 2025, Australia's Heard Island recorded a devastating outbreak among marine mammals, with 13,000 of 17,000 Southern elephant seal pups dying.1 New Zealand itself confirmed H5N1 in July 2026.1
To counter this biological threat, New Zealand has adopted a One Health approach coordinated across multiple agencies.1 The initial vaccination program focuses on five intensively managed bird species,1 while the Department of Conservation concentrates efforts on protecting endangered species.1 This adaptive management strategy reflects the recognition that bird flu is not a temporary crisis but a persistent challenge requiring sustained institutional coordination and evolving response protocols as the virus continues to spread through wild bird and marine mammal populations.
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