澳大利亚教育工作者应对青少年性暴力危机

澳大利亚悉尼北滩一名16岁少女在家中失去意识，随后不幸身亡，警方正调查性窒息是否与其死因相关2。这起悲剧引发了政界和教育界对青少年性暴力问题的广泛关注，促使各方推动加强性教育和关系教育的措施。

根据数据显示，澳大利亚性暴力受害者中近40%为10-17岁的青少年1。2024年对4702名18-35岁澳大利亚人的调查显示，57%的受访者至少有过一次性生活中被窒息的经历，其中女性中61%报告曾被勒颈2。在青少年人群中，根据Breathless活动数据，57%的澳大利亚年轻人在性交中被窒息过，51%曾对伴侣进行性窒息1。同时，2022年近40%的年轻人在13岁前已接触过在线色情内容1。

为应对这一日益严峻的危机，澳大利亚教育工作者正在采取行动。Love Bites项目自2003年起在澳大利亚运营，由国家预防儿童虐待和忽视协会运营，通过对11-17岁青少年进行性同意、防止技术性滥用等方面的教育，来应对性暴力和色情内容对年轻人的影响1。社会服务部长坦亚·普利伯塞克在议会发言指出，"性窒息变得更加普遍，原因是儿童暴露于暴力和贬低性的色情内容"1，并强调"没有安全的方式来窒息某人"2。此外，独立议员扎利·斯特加尔正推动启动全国尊重关系教育活动2。

教育工作者和专家强调了性同意教育的重要性。Sarnia Ralston表示，"我们需要年轻人知道性窒息不是任何情况下都能安全进行的事情"1。教授海瑟·道格拉斯指出，"脑损伤可能是渐进式的——每次窒息都会加重——受害者可能不知道自己遭受了脑损伤"2。

The death of a 16-year-old girl in Sydney's northern beaches has intensified calls for comprehensive relationship education in Australia.2 The teenager was found unconscious at her home in Elanora Heights on Sunday and died two days later, with police investigating whether asphyxiation played a role in her death.2 While no charges have been filed and the investigation remains ongoing, the tragedy has sparked urgent policy discussions at the highest levels of government.2

The incident underscores a broader public health crisis affecting Australian youth. Nearly 40 percent of sexual assault victims in Australia are between 10 and 17 years old.1 According to data from the Breathless campaign, 57 percent of young Australians have experienced asphyxiation during sexual activity, while 51 percent have engaged in the practice with partners.1 A 2024 survey of 4,702 Australians aged 18 to 35 found that 57 percent reported having been asphyxiated at least once during sexual contact, with 61 percent of women reporting being strangled.2 Furthermore, in 2022, nearly 40 percent of young people had been exposed to online pornography by age 13.1

Minister for Social Services Tanya Plibersek has attributed the normalization of asphyxiation to children's exposure to violent and degrading pornographic content.1 Independent MP Zali Steggall stated: "My calls for a national respectful relationships education campaign have been underscored by the devastating news of a 16-year-old girl's death in Northbeach today."2 Social Services Minister Tanya Plibersek emphasized: "There is no safe way to asphyxiate someone."2 Professor Heather Douglas warned that "brain damage may be progressive — each time asphyxiation occurs, it compounds — and victims may not know they have sustained brain injury."2

Educators are responding through targeted interventions such as the Love Bites program, which has operated in Australia since 2003 under the auspices of the National Association for the Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect.1 The initiative provides sexual consent and respectful relationship education to young people aged 11 to 17, addressing the compounded harms of pornography, manosphere ideology, and technology-enabled abuse.1 Sarnia Ralston, speaking on behalf of the program, stressed: "We need young people to understand that asphyxiation is not something that can be done safely under any circumstances."1