科尔盖特大学研究人员在《物理评论D》发表研究成果，提出笼罩宇宙的神秘引力波背景可能源自宇宙早期形成的超大质量黑洞1。研究指出，假设存在的暗星遗迹对脉冲星阵列检测到的引力波信号可能做出重要贡献1。这一发现为探测宇宙黎明时期的黑洞形成过程打开了新的窗口1。
研究由Sohan Ghodla和Cosmin Ilie进行，论文发表于《物理评论D》2026年第114卷第4期1。根据分析，当暗星遗迹的密度约为10^-3 Mpc^-3时，这些遗迹可能对引力波信号做出主导贡献1。相比之下，直接坍缩黑洞的密度仅为约10^-6 Mpc^-3，对总体信号的贡献远小于暗星1。研究还发现，若种子密度达到10^-2至10^-1 Mpc^-3的范围，将会超过观测允许的引力波背景水平1。
Ilie表示，"脉冲星阵列通常被认为是探测相对近期宇宙中超大质量黑洞双星系统的工具。我们的工作表明，信号可能也包含这些黑洞祖先在宇宙黎明时期如何形成的信息。"1
Researchers at Colgate University have published findings suggesting that the enigmatic gravitational wave background detected by pulsar arrays could stem from supermassive black holes formed in the early universe approximately 13 billion years ago.1 The study, conducted by Sohan Ghodla and Cosmin Ilie and published in Physical Review D in August 2026, proposes that remnants of hypothetical dark stars may contribute significantly to the gravitational wave signals observed by these astronomical instruments.1
The research indicates that when dark star remnant density reaches approximately 10^-3 Mpc^-3, these objects could make a dominant contribution to the detected gravitational wave signal.1 By contrast, directly collapsed black holes at a density of about 10^-6 Mpc^-3 produce substantially smaller contributions to the background.1 The study also found that seed black hole densities falling within the range of 10^-2 to 10^-1 Mpc^-3 would exceed the gravitational wave background permitted by current observations.1
According to Ilie, "Pulsar arrays are typically thought of as tools for detecting supermassive black hole binary systems in the relatively recent universe. Our work suggests that the signal may also contain information about how these black hole ancestors formed during cosmic dawn."1 This research opens a new window for investigating both the cosmic dawn period and the mechanisms through which black holes initially formed in the universe's earliest epochs.1
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