自2026年6月以来，俄罗斯遭遇严重油荒。乌克兰无人机对俄罗斯炼油厂的持续袭击导致该国燃料生产能力大幅下滑，其中6月份炼油加工量跌至每日380万桶，较去年同期下降160万桶，创下2004年以来的新低[1]。这一波能源打击源于2026年6月泽连斯基批准的为期40天特别行动，目标直指俄罗斯能源基础设施[1]。
油荒直接冲击民众生活。加油站排队成为常态，民众加油需要排队一到两个小时，最优选择是在夜间加油[1]。由于汽油供应紧张，许多俄罗斯人改用公共交通工具出行[1]。8月2日，位于萨拉托夫的炼油厂再度遭乌克兰无人机袭击，这已是该厂第二次被击中[1]。
俄罗斯官方对市场形势作出了乐观评估。俄能源部副部长帕维尔·索罗金在8月4日表示，俄罗斯燃料市场形势似乎已经稳定[1]。
Russia has been plunged into a severe fuel crisis since June 2026, following sustained Ukrainian drone attacks on its refineries.[1] In June, Russian refining capacity plummeted to 3.8 million barrels per day, marking a year-on-year decline of 1.6 million barrels and the lowest output since 2004.[1] The shortage has created acute supply pressures, with long queues forming at gas stations as drivers struggle to secure fuel.[1] Some residents have opted to switch to public transportation as gasoline availability has tightened.[1]
The deteriorating fuel situation stems from Ukraine's military operations targeting Russian energy infrastructure. In June 2026, President Zelenskyy authorized a 40-day "Impact Russia" special operation with the explicit aim of striking Russian energy facilities.[1] The campaign has continued into August, with the Saratov refinery suffering its second drone attack on August 2.[1] Refueling has become a time-consuming ordeal; drivers report that even nighttime visits to gas stations—typically the best opportunity to refuel—can require one to two hours of waiting.[1]
Russian officials have offered cautious assessments of the situation. On August 4, Deputy Energy Minister Pavel Sorokin stated that the domestic fuel market appeared to be stabilizing.[1] However, the persistent attacks on refineries underscore the vulnerability of Russia's energy sector to Ukraine's aerial campaign.
