面对即将来临的强厄尔尼诺现象，巴西卫生部采取了一系列预防措施。巴西国家气象研究所将本轮厄尔尼诺划分为"强"级别，最快可能于9月达到"很强"水平1。为应对潜在的公共卫生风险，巴西卫生部发布了《2026—2027年厄尔尼诺相关突发公共卫生事件准备和应对计划》1，并于8月29日在圣保罗启动了常态化公众急救培训1。
根据卫生部预判，2026年10月至2027年3月将是关键时期，厄尔尼诺可能引发干旱、洪水、热浪等极端天气及相关疾病风险1。为增强应急响应能力，巴西通过扩大SAMU192紧急流动医疗救援服务的覆盖范围来加强医疗保障1。该服务目前覆盖约1.89亿人口，覆盖率达88.7%1，自2023年以来新增覆盖355个市镇、超过700万人1。巴西卫生部环境健康与职业健康监测司司长阿格尼斯·苏亚雷斯表示，"最大担忧是医疗需求可能超出当地医疗网络承载能力"1。
Brazil is taking proactive measures to prepare for an intensifying El Niño phenomenon by launching routine public first aid training in São Paulo and developing comprehensive emergency response protocols.1 The country's National Meteorological Research Institute has classified the current El Niño event as "strong," with potential escalation to "very strong" as early as September 2026.1 The Ministry of Health has issued the "2026-2027 El Niño-Related Public Health Emergency Preparedness and Response Plan" to address anticipated risks.1
The peak impact period is expected between October 2026 and March 2027, during which Brazil may face extreme weather events including droughts, floods, and heat waves, along with associated disease risks.1 To bolster emergency medical response capacity, the SAMU 192 urgent mobile medical rescue service currently reaches approximately 189 million people, representing 88.7 percent coverage.1 Since 2023, SAMU has expanded to 355 additional municipalities, extending services to over 7 million additional residents.1
Agnes Suarez, director of the Ministry of Health's Environmental and Occupational Health Surveillance Division, highlighted a key concern: medical demand may exceed the capacity of local healthcare networks during the critical period.1
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