特朗普政府上台后，拉丁美洲政治版图发生显著变化。[1]在2025年1月特朗普就任美国总统之后，哥伦比亚、秘鲁、阿根廷、厄瓜多尔、洪都拉斯、智利和哥斯达黎加等七个国家相继选出保守派总统。[1]这些胜利反映了选民对犯罪、移民和经济增长缓慢等问题的关切，部分候选人获得了特朗普的直接支持。[1]
在这波保守派浪潮中，各国新任领导人推行了相似的强硬政策。[1]哥伦比亚总统德拉埃斯普里埃拉在6月赢得总统大选，获得特朗普背书。[1]洪都拉斯总统阿斯富拉同样获得特朗普支持，特朗普曾威胁若其未能当选将切断援助。[1]阿根廷总统米莱通过紧缩政策取得经济成果，将通胀从2023年的211%降至2025年的32%。[1]智利总统卡斯特在12月以58%的得票率当选，哥斯达黎加总统费尔南德斯则在2月以48%的得票率获胜。[1]
在治安和移民政策方面，这些新政府推行了一系列激进措施，包括建造超级监狱、军事化边境和遣返移民等举措。[1]
Conservative candidates have swept to power across Latin America in seven major presidential elections, with most victories occurring after Donald Trump assumed the U.S. presidency in January 2025.[1] The nations of Colombia, Peru, Argentina, Ecuador, Honduras, Chile, and Costa Rica have all recently elected right-wing leaders who campaigned on combating crime, controlling immigration, and stimulating economic growth.[1]
In Colombia, candidate De La Espriella, known as "The Tiger," won the presidential election in June with Trump's explicit endorsement.[1] Argentina's President Milei, referred to as "The Lion," has become a model for the conservative wave, having reduced inflation from 211 percent in 2023 to 32 percent by 2025.[1] Chile's President Kast secured victory in December with 58 percent of the vote, while Costa Rica's President Fernández won in February with 48 percent of the vote.[1]
These newly elected leaders have pursued aggressive security and immigration policies across the region.[1] Measures include the construction of supermaximum-security prisons, militarization of borders, and deportation programs.[1] In Honduras, President Asfura received Trump's backing, with Trump threatening to cut U.S. aid if the candidate failed to win election.[1]