西班牙政府宣布对来自意大利的旅客实施临时边境检查，作为对意大利先前采取类似措施的回应[2][3]。这场欧盟内部罕见纠纷源于7月30至31日大量摩洛哥移民涌入西班牙北非飞地休达的事件[2][3]。约72000人在数天内进入休达[3][4]，其中绝大多数已返回摩洛哥，但死亡人数成为争议焦点——西班牙官方数字为80人，摩洛哥人权组织估计至少141人[2]。
意大利在移民涌入后暂停了与西班牙的部分申根协议，对来自西班牙的非欧盟国民实施申根区规则暂停措施[1][3]。西班牙外交部长何塞·曼努埃尔·阿尔瓦雷斯批评意大利的措施是"射向欧洲团结船体的鱼雷"[2]，并要求意大利在8月9日前解除边境管制[1][3]。然而意大利总理梅洛尼拒绝接受这一期限，声称"意大利不接受来自国外关于国家安全和边境控制的最后通牒或强制要求"，表示将维持检查措施至少到8月15日[2][3]。
作为报复，西班牙从8月3日周六午夜起至9月7日实施相互边境检查[2][3]。这是数十年来两国间首次实施护照检查[4]，威胁到1985年《申根协议》的实施效力[4]。休达仍滞留近1400名无成人陪伴的未成年人[1]。除意大利外，芬兰和丹麦也支持暂停申根协议，而捷克共和国甚至呼吁暂停西班牙的成员资格[1]。
Spain has implemented temporary border checks on travelers from Italy in response to Italy's unilateral suspension of certain Schengen Agreement provisions, escalating a rare dispute within the European Union [2][3]. The confrontation stems from a major migration surge into Ceuta, Spain's North African enclave, when approximately 72,000 people crossed from Morocco over July 30-31 [2][3]. Of these arrivals, around 70,000 have since returned to Morocco [2].
The crossing resulted in significant casualties, though figures vary between sources: Spanish authorities reported 80 deaths [2], while Moroccan human rights organizations estimate at least 141 fatalities [2]. Approximately 1,100 to 1,400 unaccompanied minors remain stranded in Ceuta [1][4]. Italy responded by closing its sea and air borders and tightening land border controls, suspending Schengen rules for non-EU nationals arriving from Spain [3]. Spain's Foreign Minister José Manuel Álvarez characterized Italy's measures as "a torpedo shot at the hull of European solidarity" [2][4], demanding their removal by August 9 [1]. Italian Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni rejected this ultimatum, refusing to withdraw the controls before August 15 at the earliest, stating that "Italy does not accept ultimatums or impositions from abroad regarding national security and border control" [2][3].
Spain's retaliatory border checks commenced from Saturday midnight and will remain in effect until September 7 [2][3]. Italy maintains its restrictive measures are necessary to protect national security [2], while Spain argues that Italy has received higher numbers of irregular migrants in recent years [3]. This mutual imposition of passport controls marks the first such occurrence between the two countries in decades, undermining the integrity of the 1985 Schengen Agreement that facilitates free movement across 29 member states with a combined population of 450 million [4].