美国参议院以86票赞成、11票反对的压倒性多数通过了一项针对俄罗斯的广泛制裁法案[1][2][3]。该法案以已故参议员林赛·格雷厄姆命名[2][3]，旨在对俄罗斯领导层、能源部门和国防工业实施强制性制裁[3]。格雷厄姆于今年7月11日因突发疾病去世，终年71岁[3]，在其去世前一天，他与白宫就该法案达成了协议[1]。
法案授权对俄罗斯进口商品最高征收500%的从价关税[2][3]，并授予特朗普对全球前五大俄罗斯石油或天然气购买国的输美商品征收最高100%关税的权力[2][3]。该法案对进口俄罗斯天然气少于15%且采取措施减少进口的国家提供例外[1]。法案还包含对俄罗斯总统普京和军事指挥官的新制裁和签证禁令[2]。特朗普政府已表示支持该法案[1]，特朗普本人表示若法案提交到他的办公桌上将予以签署[3]。
法案目前待众议院审议[2]，众议院将于8月底休会结束后考虑该法案[2]。乌克兰总统泽连斯基在格雷厄姆葬礼后访问了美国国会，对该法案表示支持[1]。不过，民主党参议员罗恩·怀登对法案提出异议，称其给特朗普过大的关税酌情权[2]。众议院外交委员会民主党领袖格雷戈里·米克斯也批评该法案为"总统特朗普施加更多关税的大规模后门权力"[2]。
The U.S. Senate has overwhelmingly approved sweeping sanctions legislation against Russia by a vote of 86 to 11, with the measure bearing the name of Senator Lindsey Graham, who died shortly after helping negotiate the bill.[1][2][3] The legislation, formally titled the Lindsey O. Graham Sanctions Russia Act, aims to penalize Russia's leadership, energy sector, and defense industry while targeting countries that continue purchasing Russian oil and gas exports.[2][3]
The bill grants the president authority to impose tariffs of up to 100 percent on goods imported from the world's top five Russian oil and gas buyers, including China and India, to cut off Putin's war funding.[1][2] It also authorizes tariffs as high as 500 percent on Russian exports themselves.[2][3] The legislation includes new sanctions and visa bans on Russian President Putin and military commanders, and provides exceptions for countries importing less than 15 percent of Russian natural gas and taking measures to reduce those imports.[1][2]
Graham and Senator Richard Blumenthal announced a White House agreement on the bill on July 10, with Graham dying the following day at age 71.[1][2][3] The Trump administration has indicated support for the legislation.[1][3] Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky visited Congress following Graham's funeral to express backing for the measure.[1] The bill now awaits House consideration and presidential signature.[1][2]
Some Democrats have raised concerns about the measure's scope. Senator Ron Wyden opposed it, arguing the bill grants Trump excessive discretionary tariff authority, while Representative Gregory Meeks, the Democratic leader on the House Foreign Affairs Committee, characterized it as a "massive backdoor power" for the president to impose additional tariffs.[2] The House is expected to consider the legislation after its August recess concludes.[2]