美国和以色列于2月28日对伊朗发动军事打击，意图推翻其神权政权 1。尽管遭受重创，伊朗依然存活下来，并在战争初期有效关闭了霍尔木兹海峡这一关键石油和天然气贸易通道，从而获得了战略杠杆 1。美国总统特朗普于4月同意停火，并在6月与伊朗签署协议，但该协议在数周后破裂 1。
这场战争导致海湾国家对美国的安全承诺产生怀疑，促使沙特阿拉伯等国寻求替代安全安排，沙特上月已与巴基斯坦和土耳其达成新的防务协议 1。与此同时，以色列虽取得战术胜利，但在国际上日益孤立 1。以色列总理内塔尼亚胡被国际刑事法院以反人类罪起诉，且超过半数众议院民主党人投票支持削减对以色列的援助，使得美以关系面临世代性裂痕的风险 1。
The United States and Israel launched a military strike against Iran on February 28 with the intention of overthrowing its theocratic regime 1. However, despite sustaining heavy blows, Iran survived the conflict and gained strategic leverage by effectively shutting down the Strait of Hormuz, a critical route for oil and natural gas trade, during the early stages of the war 1. U.S. President Donald Trump agreed to a ceasefire in April and subsequently signed an agreement with Iran in June, although this deal collapsed just weeks later 1.
The conflict has significantly altered the regional geopolitical landscape, prompting Gulf states to question U.S. security commitments and seek alternative arrangements 1. Last month, Saudi Arabia finalized a new defense pact with Pakistan and Turkey 1. Meanwhile, Israel has achieved tactical victories but faces growing international isolation and the risk of a generational rift in its relationship with the United States 1. Compounding its diplomatic challenges, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has been indicted by the International Criminal Court on charges of crimes against humanity 1. Furthermore, more than half of the Democratic members in the House of Representatives have voted in favor of cutting aid to Israel 1.
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