近期，欧洲频发的野火与干旱天气导致大量二战遗留未爆弹药和地雷暴露，凸显了战争遗留爆炸物对全球民众的持续威胁 1。气候变化引发的极端天气正不断加剧这一风险 1。
在欧洲，近期的野火已迫使超过30万人撤离，波及法国、西班牙和葡萄牙等国 1。其中，法国南部吉伦特省的野火暴露出400枚二战时期的法国和德国炮弹，这些炮弹在高温中爆炸 1。此外，荷兰、匈牙利和斯洛伐克等国因河流水位下降，也暴露出未爆弹药 1。
2024年，地雷和战争遗留物在至少52个国家造成超过6000人死伤 1。据估计，2025年全球将有约1亿人在60个国家面临战争遗留爆炸物威胁 1。截至2025年10月，至少57个国家及其他地区仍受反人员地雷污染 1。历史上的战争也留下了大量爆炸物，例如一战西线曾发射超过7亿枚炮弹和迫击炮弹，估计有1.4亿枚未爆；越南战争则使越南近20%的国土受地雷污染 1。
在排雷方面，截至2024年，英国、法国、德国和丹麦已完成地雷清除 1。历史上，荷兰曾在1945年5月至11月间清除了近140万枚地雷 1。然而，乌克兰等当前冲突地区仍在布设反人员地雷，且部分欧洲国家已退出相关禁止条约 1。
Recent wildfires and droughts in Europe have exposed a massive amount of unexploded ordnance and landmines left over from World War II, highlighting the ongoing threat of explosive remnants of war 1. These extreme weather events have exacerbated existing risks, with wildfires forcing over 300,000 people to evacuate across France, Spain, and Portugal 1. In the Gironde department of southern France, high temperatures from wildfires triggered the explosion of 400 French and German shells from the Second World War after they were unearthed 1. Additionally, dropping river levels in the Netherlands, Hungary, and Slovakia have revealed further unexploded munitions 1. It is estimated that in 2025, approximately 100 million people across 60 countries will face threats from explosive remnants of war 1.
In 2024, landmines and war remnants caused over 6,000 casualties in at least 52 countries 1. As of October 2025, at least 57 countries and other territories remain contaminated by anti-personnel mines 1. The situation is further complicated by ongoing conflicts, such as in Ukraine, where anti-personnel mines are still being deployed, while some European nations have withdrawn from relevant ban treaties 1.
Historical contamination persists globally, as over 700 million shells and mortar rounds were fired on the Western Front during World War I, with an estimated 140 million remaining unexploded 1. The Vietnam War left nearly 20% of Vietnam's territory contaminated with landmines 1. In terms of clearance efforts, the Netherlands cleared nearly 1.4 million mines between May and November 1945 1. Furthermore, as of 2024, the United Kingdom, France, Germany, and Denmark have completed their landmine clearance operations 1.
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