六个月前，美国与以色列对伊朗发动战争，法律学者一致认为此举公然违反了国际法 1。战争首日，伊朗南部城镇米纳布的一所女子小学遭到轰炸，造成至少156人死亡，其中包括120名儿童 1。6月，霍尔木兹海峡附近的袭击破坏了两个储水水库，这些设施为2万名平民提供用水 1。这些针对平民目标的攻击，叠加特朗普政府多次威胁摧毁伊朗民用基础设施的言论，引发了外界对潜在战争罪的广泛关注 1。
在问责层面，美国国防部长皮特·赫格塞斯公开主张美国有权不受法律约束或所谓“愚蠢的交战规则”束缚进行战争，并声称将对敌人“不留活口，毫不留情” 1。然而，追究相关战争罪责任面临重大障碍，由于美国和伊朗均非国际刑事法院缔约国，该法院对此次冲突并无管辖权 1。
Six months ago, the United States and Israel started a war against Iran, an action that legal scholars agree was a blatant violation of international law 1. On the opening day of the war, a girls' primary school was bombed in the southern town of Minab, killing at least 156 people, including 120 children 1. In June, two water storage reservoirs were damaged in strikes near the Strait of Hormuz, facilities that provided water for 20,000 civilians 1. The Trump administration has repeatedly threatened to destroy Iranian civilian infrastructure, and these strikes on civilian targets such as schools and water facilities are suspected of violating the UN Charter and international humanitarian law 1.
Secretary of Defense Pete Hegseth has asserted the US prerogative to fight wars unencumbered by legal constraints, referring to them as "stupid rules of engagement" 1. He has also stated there will be "no quarter, no mercy for our enemies" 1. However, holding individuals accountable for potential war crimes faces major obstacles because neither the US nor Iran is a party to the International Criminal Court, meaning the ICC has no jurisdiction in this war 1.
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