美国总统特朗普签署行政令，对进口多晶硅及其衍生产品征收15%的关税，该措施自2024年12月4日起生效[1]。根据行政令，多晶硅最低进口价格设定为每千克21美元，多晶硅锭和晶圆为每千克100美元，太阳能电池为每瓦特0.22美元，太阳能模块和面板为每瓦特0.38美元[1]。
特朗普表示，这项关税措施旨在支持美国芯片和太阳能电池板供应链与中国竞争[1]。他指出"这项公告中的行动计划将有助于确保美国多晶硅及其衍生品生产的商业可行性，这对满足美国经济和国家安全要求是必要的"[1]。美国主要多晶硅生产企业包括密歇根州的Hemlock Semiconductor（康宁与日本信越半导体的合资企业）和田纳西州的Wacker Chemie[1]。
中国外交部随即作出回应，发言人林剑表示"保护主义不会使美国更具竞争力"，并指出这一举措"严重破坏了中美企业间的正常贸易和经济交流"[1]。中国外交部指责美国滥用国家安全概念进行保护主义贸易政策[1]。
President Trump has signed an executive order imposing a 15% tariff on imported polysilicon products, effective December 4, 2024.[1] The measure includes tiered minimum import prices: $21 per kilogram for polysilicon, $100 per kilogram for polysilicon ingots and wafers, $0.22 per watt for solar cells, and $0.38 per watt for solar modules and panels.[1] According to Trump, the action plan outlined in this order "will help ensure the commercial viability of polysilicon and polysilicon derivative production in the United States, which is necessary to meet the requirements of the American economy and national security."[1]
The tariffs target a key material essential to both the semiconductor and solar panel industries, as part of efforts to strengthen the domestic supply chain and compete with China.[1] Major U.S. polysilicon producers include Hemlock Semiconductor, a Michigan-based joint venture between Corning and Japan's Shin-Etsu Semiconductor, and Wacker Chemie, which operates in Tennessee.[1]
China's Foreign Ministry swiftly responded to the move.[1] Spokesperson Lin Jian stated that "protectionism will not make America more competitive" and characterized the tariffs as "seriously damaging normal trade and economic exchanges between Chinese and American enterprises."[1] The Chinese government views the action as an abuse of national security concepts to justify protectionist trade policies.[1]