全球多个大型湖泊正因气候变化、水资源管理和污染等因素面临萎缩或退化，各地虽通过污水处理、筑坝和清理污染等手段取得阶段性恢复，但整体仍承受着气候变暖、蒸发加剧、入侵物种和人类活动带来的持续压力 1。其中，里海水位预计到2100年可能下降多达21米，即便仅下降10米，也会使其当前表面积减少近三分之一 1。乍得湖的处境同样严峻，其在1960年代高水位时面积约25,000平方公里，但在1970和1980年代的严重干旱期间一度失去90%以上的面积，目前面积仅在约12,000至20,000平方公里之间波动，而该流域约有3000万人依赖其资源生存 1。为应对这一危机，非洲开发银行、乍得湖流域委员会和五个邻国于5月启动了一项价值1000万美元的投资项目以保护乍得湖 1。
在部分湖泊的生态修复中，一些地区已取得显著成效 1。博登湖在1970年代末曾遭受严重营养污染，通过扩建污水处理设施和去除污水中的磷，其营养浓度显著降低 1。咸海在苏联时期因灌溉棉花和水稻，导致到2010年表面积缩减超过50,000平方公里，并形成了约62,000平方公里的阿拉尔库姆沙漠 1。为此，哈萨克斯坦自2018年以来已种植超过180万公顷的梭梭灌木，以稳定沙地和受污染的尘土 1。马斯基根湖通过清理超过110,000吨的历史锯木厂废物，成功恢复了54公顷栖息地，并于2025年被从严重退化湖泊名单中移除 1。据美国国家海洋和大气管理局估计，马斯基根湖的恢复工作每年可产生约2800万美元的额外休闲价值，并吸引约50万名额外游客 1。
Major lakes around the world are facing severe shrinkage and degradation due to climate change, water resource management, and pollution, prompting various restoration efforts with mixed results 1. The Caspian Sea is projected to see its water levels drop by up to 21 meters by 2100, and even a 10-meter decline would reduce its current surface area by nearly a third 1. Similarly, Lake Chad, which covered approximately 25,000 square kilometers during high-water periods in the 1960s, lost over 90% of its area during severe droughts in the 1970s and 1980s, and its surface area currently fluctuates between 12,000 and 20,000 square kilometers 1. About 30 million people rely on the resources of the Lake Chad basin, leading the African Development Bank, the Lake Chad Basin Commission, and five neighboring countries to launch a $10 million investment project in May to protect the lake 1.
Despite these ongoing challenges, several lakes have demonstrated significant recovery through targeted environmental interventions 1. In the late 1970s, Lake Constance suffered from severe nutrient pollution, but nutrient concentrations have significantly decreased following the expansion of sewage treatment facilities and the removal of phosphorus from wastewater 1. The Aral Sea shrank by more than 50,000 square kilometers by 2010 due to Soviet-era irrigation for cotton and rice, creating the roughly 62,000-square-kilometer Aralkum Desert; however, Kazakhstan has planted over 1.8 million hectares of saxaul shrubs since 2018 to stabilize the sand and contaminated dust 1. Meanwhile, Muskegon Lake was removed from the list of severely degraded lakes in 2025 after clearing over 110,000 tons of historical sawmill waste and restoring 54 hectares of habitat 1. According to the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the restoration of Muskegon Lake generates approximately $28 million in additional recreational value annually and attracts about 500,000 extra visitors each year 1.
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