尼日利亚正面临日益严峻的绑架与暴力危机，武装匪帮频繁袭击村庄和学校，并绑架平民勒索赎金1。据联合国统计，该国西北部地区已有约80万人因暴力流离失所1。国际冲突监测组织Acled的数据显示，今年上半年尼日利亚西北部的匪帮袭击事件同比增加78%1。尼日利亚国家人权委员会的数据表明，全国绑架案件数量同比翻倍1。目前，政府军与民间自卫武装正参与打击匪帮，但安全局势持续恶化，暴力正向南部蔓延1。
今年6月，扎姆法拉州Bia Buki村在袭击中约有70人丧生1。今年5月，奥约州三所学校遭袭，39名儿童和7名教师被绑架，1名教师被杀，56天后44名人质获释1。联合国教科文组织估计，尼日利亚约有1900万儿童失学1。为应对危机，尼日利亚总统博拉·蒂努布政府将国防与安全预算提高10%，并批准招募2.8万名新兵1。此外，扎姆法拉州曾在2020年因法外处决问题禁止一个大型民间自卫组织1。
Armed gangs in northwestern Nigeria, particularly in Zamfara state, are increasingly attacking villages and schools while kidnapping civilians for ransom, leading to mass casualties and a severe displacement crisis 1. The United Nations reports that the ongoing violence has displaced approximately 800,000 people across the northwestern region 1. The security situation continues to deteriorate as the violence spreads southward, with the Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (Acled) recording a 78% year-on-year increase in gang attacks in the northwest during the first half of this year 1. Additionally, the National Human Rights Commission of Nigeria indicates that kidnapping cases nationwide have doubled compared to the previous year 1.
The human toll of these attacks has been devastating, highlighted by an incident in June where around 70 people were killed during an assault on Bia Buki village in Zamfara state 1. The crisis has also severely impacted education, prompting the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) to estimate that roughly 19 million children in Nigeria are currently out of school 1. In May, the violence reached Oyo state when three schools were attacked, resulting in the abduction of 39 children and seven teachers, along with the murder of one educator 1. A total of 44 hostages from that incident were released 56 days later 1.
In response to the worsening security landscape, President Bola Tinubu's administration has raised the defense and security budget by 10% and authorized the recruitment of 28,000 new troops 1. Government forces, alongside civilian vigilante groups, are actively combating the armed gangs 1. However, the involvement of civilian militias has a complex history; in 2020, Zamfara state banned a major civilian vigilante organization due to concerns over extrajudicial killings 1.
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