欧盟与中国的贸易关系已进入更加对立的新阶段[1]。双方虽未陷入全面贸易战，但已开始为可能升级的摩擦做准备[1]。欧洲对中国产能过剩和补贴出口挤压本土制造业感到担忧，同时将对中国原材料的依赖视为经济安全风险[1]；中国则指责欧洲滥用国家安全概念[1]。
2024年欧盟对中国电动汽车加征关税后，北京随即针对欧盟农产品采取措施[1]。中国可能针对农业、化工、汽车、机械制造以及医疗技术等行业采取加征关税等措施[1]。分析认为，中国拥有更有效的不对称反制手段——对关键原材料和稀土采取出口管制[1]。中国对俄罗斯的支持加剧了双方的地缘政治紧张关系[1]。
EU-China trade relations have entered a more confrontational phase, with both sides preparing for potential friction even as they have not yet slipped into a full-scale trade war, according to German media reporting [1]. Europe is increasingly concerned about Chinese overcapacity and export subsidies that squeeze domestic manufacturing, while viewing dependence on Chinese raw materials as an economic security risk [1]. China, for its part, has accused Europe of abusing the concept of national security [1].
The tensions have been exacerbated by geopolitical factors, including China's support for Russia, which has deepened the divide between the two sides [1]. Following the EU's imposition of additional tariffs on Chinese electric vehicles in 2024, Beijing responded with measures targeting European agricultural products [1]. Analysts have identified several sectors vulnerable to Chinese retaliation, including agriculture, chemicals, automobiles, machinery manufacturing, and medical technology, where increased tariffs could be imposed [1]. China also possesses more effective asymmetric countermeasures through export controls on critical raw materials and rare earths [1].