由23名爬虫学家组成的澳大利亚团队发布了最新的国家爬行动物保护评估报告，揭示了该国陆生蜥蜴和蛇类严峻的生存现状 1。报告指出，至少有127种陆生蜥蜴和蛇类被认定为受威胁物种，占可评估物种的13.1% 1。这一比例几乎是2017年官方认定比例7.1%的两倍，表明这些爬行动物的处境比此前预想的更为糟糕 1。
气候变化、野火、入侵物种和栖息地丧失等多重威胁正在加剧这些爬行动物的生存危机 1。例如，2019-2020年的澳大利亚特大山火影响了445种蜥蜴和蛇类的栖息地 1。同时，猫和狐狸每年估计会杀死6.97亿只澳大利亚爬行动物 1。在具体物种中，宽头蛇的保护级别已从“易危”升级为“濒危”，圣诞岛森林石龙子则在十多年内从丰富走向灭绝 1。此外，在这127种受威胁物种中，有71种被IUCN列为受威胁，70种被联邦法律列为受威胁，但仅有48种同时出现在两份名单上 1。
在物种确认方面，2017年至2025年间，已确认的陆生蜥蜴和蛇类物种从955种增至1066种 1。不过截至2025年8月，仍有115个物种尚未进行保护评估 1。报告还强调，在2017年被列为“数据不足”的43种澳大利亚蜥蜴和蛇中，高达38%面临威胁，受威胁率是信息充足物种的5.4倍 1。为此，专家团队呼吁政府加大资金投入并开展长期监测，主张以原住民主导的保护计划为核心推动爬行动物保护工作 1。此外，澳大利亚将在2027年根据IUCN红色名录标准，重新评估所有蜥蜴和蛇类的保护状况 1。
A team of 23 herpetologists has released a new national assessment revealing that at least 127 terrestrial lizard and snake species are facing survival threats in Australia 1. These threatened species account for 13.1% of the assessable species, which is nearly double the 7.1% officially recognized in 2017 1. Between 2017 and 2025, the number of confirmed terrestrial lizard and snake species increased from 955 to 1,066, yet 115 species remain unassessed for conservation status as of August 2025 1. Furthermore, among the 43 species listed as "data deficient" in 2017, up to 38% are threatened, a rate 5.4 times higher than that of well-documented species 1.
Multiple compounding threats, including climate change, wildfires, invasive species, and habitat loss, are exacerbating the crisis for these reptiles 1. The devastating 2019-2020 bushfires alone impacted the habitats of 445 lizard and snake species, while invasive cats and foxes are estimated to kill 697 million Australian reptiles annually 1. The assessment highlights severe population declines, noting that the broad-headed snake has been uplisted from "vulnerable" to "endangered," and the Christmas Island forest skink went from abundant to extinct in just over a decade 1. Of the 127 threatened species identified, 71 are listed as threatened by the IUCN and 70 by federal law, but only 48 appear on both lists 1.
Many newly discovered species are facing extinction risks before they can be adequately studied 1. In response to these findings, the researchers are urging the government to increase funding, conduct long-term monitoring, and center conservation efforts around Indigenous-led initiatives 1. Looking ahead, Australia plans to reassess the conservation status of all lizard and snake species in 2027 using the IUCN Red List criteria 1.
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