研究人员发布了一项关于全球生物多样性热点变化的新研究，分析了1920年至2020年间100年的陆生物种发现数据 1。该研究收集了超过9700种鸟类、5200种哺乳动物、8600种爬行动物和7200种两栖动物的数据 1。数据显示，过去一个世纪科学界发现并命名了近40%的陆生物种 1。
新兴的生物多样性热点包括印度尼西亚、南美安第斯山脉中部和马达加斯加等地 1。其中，三分之一的已知两栖动物丰富区域已被新的两栖动物热点取代 1。以澳大利亚为例，其已知爬行动物数量从1920年的376种增至2020年的933种 1。
在植物方面，每年发现超过2000种新的维管植物物种，但多达100000种植物物种仍未被科学界所知 1。研究指出，这些新兴热点正面临气候变化、森林砍伐等威胁，可能导致物种在被发现前就灭绝 1。此外，目前约80%的世界动植物尚未被正式研究 1。
A new study analyzing a century of species discovery data from 1920 to 2020 reveals that the identification of new species is reshaping the global distribution of biodiversity hotspots 1. Researchers examined records of over 9,700 bird species, 5,200 mammal species, 8,600 reptile species, and 7,200 amphibian species to reach these conclusions 1. The findings highlight that nearly 40% of terrestrial species have been discovered and named over the past century 1. Consequently, emerging biodiversity hotspots have been identified in regions such as Indonesia, the central Andes of South America, and Madagascar 1.
The research also underscores significant shifts in specific animal groups, noting that a third of previously known amphibian-rich areas have been replaced by new amphibian hotspots 1. In Australia, the number of known reptile species has surged from 376 in 1920 to 933 in 2020 1. Plant biodiversity continues to expand as well, with more than 2,000 new vascular plant species discovered annually, while up to 100,000 plant species remain unknown to science 1. Despite these ongoing discoveries, approximately 80% of the world's flora and fauna have yet to be formally studied 1.
However, these newly identified biodiversity hotspots face severe threats from climate change and deforestation 1. Researchers warn that such environmental pressures could lead to the extinction of species before they are even discovered by the scientific community 1.
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