科学家正在开发一系列预防性疫苗，用于阻止Lynch综合征患者的结肠癌发生。[1]Lynch综合征由遗传基因缺陷引起，患者的结肠癌风险高达80%，远超普通人群的5%。[1]目前至少有三种相关疫苗正在研发阶段，其中由Nouscom公司开发的疫苗已在美国进入早期临床试验，Moderna基于mRNA技术的疫苗同样在美国展开试验，而ImmunityBio公司的疫苗则在英国启动试验。[1]
美国MD Anderson癌症中心发表在《自然医学》上的初期研究表明，Nouscom疫苗能够刺激免疫系统识别Lynch相关前癌病变中的209种异常。[1]参与试验的44名Lynch综合征携带者在接种疫苗一年和两年后进行结肠镜检查，结果显示癌前病变明显减少。[1]Lynch综合征影响约1/279的人口，MD Anderson团队预期更大规模的研究将于明年初启动。[1]
值得关注的是，美国每年诊断约158,000例结肠癌病例，虽然大多数患者年龄超过50岁，但年轻患者的病例呈现增加趋势。[1]
Scientists are advancing vaccine development aimed at preventing colon cancer in people with Lynch syndrome, a hereditary genetic disorder that dramatically elevates cancer risk.[1] At least three vaccine candidates are in development, with two undergoing early-stage clinical trials in the United States and a third launching in the United Kingdom.[1]
Lynch syndrome affects approximately 1 in 279 people and is caused by inherited genetic mutations, conferring a colon cancer risk as high as 80%—substantially higher than the roughly 5% risk in the general population.[1] One vaccine developed by Nouscom has demonstrated promising initial results in research published in Nature Medicine, where it was shown to train the immune system to recognize 209 abnormalities associated with Lynch-related precancerous lesions.[1] Among 44 Lynch mutation carriers who received the vaccine, follow-up colonoscopies conducted one and two years after vaccination revealed a notable reduction in precancerous polyps.[1] Researchers at MD Anderson Cancer Center, who led the early research, anticipate that a larger-scale trial will launch in early 2025.[1]
The development of these preventive vaccines comes as approximately 158,000 colon cancer cases are diagnosed annually in the United States, with most patients over age 50, though incidence among younger patients is rising.[1] Additional candidates in the pipeline include mRNA-based approaches by Moderna and a vaccine from ImmunityBio.[1]