俄罗斯对乌克兰黑海沿岸港口城市敖德萨发动密集导弹和无人机攻击，造成港口设施严重受损和人员伤亡。[1]7月间，俄罗斯实施了57次针对民用船只的攻击和67次港口基础设施打击，其中22次攻击发生在海上，使黑海成为全球最危险的航运地带。[1]7月19日，土耳其货轮Golden Leo遭俄导弹击中三次，造成9名印度和叙利亚船员及1名乌克兰飞行员丧生。[1]
港口运营能力大幅受阻，敖德萨港因警报近日被迫在24小时内关闭15小时。[1]乌克兰粮食出口能力面临严重威胁，去年敖德萨港区出口7300万吨货物，其中粮食占3800万吨。[1]乌克兰粮食出口商报告已损失50-70万吨乌克兰粮食和油籽的交付能力。[1]港口工人指出安全风险极高，表示"在港口比在前线更可怕"。[1]这一困境源于俄导弹从克里米亚发射仅需1分钟便可抵达，而工人从起重机下来撤离到避难所则需要3.5分钟。[1]
Russia launched a devastating campaign of missile and drone attacks against Ukraine's Black Sea port city of Odesa in July, striking both civilian vessels and port infrastructure with alarming frequency.[1] During that month alone, Russian forces carried out 57 attacks on civilian ships and 67 strikes against port facilities, transforming the Black Sea into one of the world's most hazardous shipping zones.[1] The assault has created a critical gap between the time missiles are fired from Crimea—approximately one minute of flight time—and the duration needed for port workers to reach shelter, which takes 3.5 minutes.[1] On July 19, the Turkish-flagged cargo ship Golden Leo was struck three times, resulting in the deaths of nine Indian and Syrian crew members as well as one Ukrainian pilot.[1]
The relentless bombardment has crippled port operations and threatened Ukraine's ability to export grain to global markets.[1] The Odesa port terminal has been forced to close for 15 hours of every 24-hour period due to air raid warnings, severely constraining cargo handling capacity.[1] Prior to the escalation, Odesa's port had exported 73 million tons annually, including 38 million tons of grain.[1] Ukrainian grain exporters report they have already lost the capacity to deliver between 500,000 and 700,000 tons of grain and oilseeds to their destinations.[1] Workers at the Black Sea ports have described the conditions grimly, stating that conditions in the port are now more dangerous than on the front lines.[1]