尽管1999年生效的《渥太华条约》明确禁止使用杀伤人员地雷，但自2022年俄乌全面战争爆发以来，乌克兰及多个与俄罗斯接壤的北约国家已相继退出该条约，并恢复使用或生产地雷，这一趋势标志着人道主义军备控制的进一步瓦解1。据初步分析，2025年全球因地雷或未爆弹药伤亡的人数已超过5000人，受害者主要为平民1。在南苏丹，去年90%的受害者是儿童1。
截至2025年年中，乌克兰约25%的国土受地雷和爆炸物影响1。自2022年2月以来，超过1150名平民因地雷和战争遗留爆炸物伤亡1。乌克兰全面排雷成本估计为10年内近350亿美元（约300亿欧元）1。
1997年，120多个国家代表签署《渥太华条约》，1999年具有法律约束力，共166个国家批准，但中国、印度、俄罗斯和美国未批准1。1999年，每年约有25000人因地雷伤亡1。自2022年俄罗斯全面入侵乌克兰以来，波兰、芬兰、拉脱维亚、立陶宛和爱沙尼亚这五个与俄罗斯接壤的欧洲北约国家已决定退出该条约1。乌克兰也已退出，但在战争结束前不产生法律效力1。乌克兰议会国家安全、国防和情报委员会秘书罗曼·科斯滕科（Roman Kostenko）表示：“在敌人没有任何限制的情况下，我们不能继续受到约束”1。波兰国有国防公司Belma已签约大量生产杀伤人员地雷1。
Despite the international ban on anti-personnel mines, Ukraine and five NATO countries bordering Russia have withdrawn from the Ottawa Treaty to resume the use or production of these weapons 1. The five European NATO members that decided to leave the treaty last year are Poland, Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia 1. Ukraine has also withdrawn, although the exit will not take legal effect until the war ends 1. Explaining the decision, Roman Kostenko, secretary of the Ukrainian Parliament's Committee on National Security, Defense and Intelligence, stated, "We cannot remain bound under conditions when the enemy has no restrictions" 1. Meanwhile, the Polish state-owned defense company Belma has signed a contract for the mass production of anti-personnel mines 1.
The resurgence of landmines has led to a severe humanitarian toll, with more than 5,000 people killed or injured by mines and unexploded ordnance globally in 2025, primarily civilians, according to a preliminary analysis by the Landmine and Cluster Munition Monitor 1. In South Sudan, children accounted for 90% of the victims last year 1. In Ukraine, approximately 25% of the country's territory is contaminated by mines and explosives as of mid-2025, according to the UN Mine Action Service (UNMAS) 1. Since February 2022, over 1,150 civilians have been killed or injured by mines and explosive remnants of war in Ukraine 1. The comprehensive demining effort is estimated to cost nearly $35 billion (about 30 billion euros) over 10 years 1.
The Ottawa Treaty, which bans anti-personnel mines, was signed by representatives of over 120 countries in 1997 and gained legal force in 1999 with 166 ratifications, though China, India, Russia, and the United States did not ratify it 1. In 1999, approximately 25,000 people were killed or injured by landmines annually 1. The recent trend of nations abandoning the ban marks a further breakdown of humanitarian arms control 1.
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