美国各地社区对数据中心的反对浪潮正在重塑中期选举格局，影响科技巨头在美国的大规模投资计划 1。数据中心对水资源、电力和土地的巨大需求引发环保与气候目标之间的冲突，多州州长开始收紧对数据中心的监管、取消税收优惠或暂停项目 1。甲骨文、Meta、谷歌、亚马逊和微软预计今年将在美国数据中心投资超过7000亿美元 1。
作为行业最大支持者，唐纳德·特朗普为其辩护，并于上周表示，如果他是市长或州长有机会引进大型数据中心，“我绝对会想要它，因为就业岗位巨大，支付的资金和税收也巨大” 1。特朗普政府正推动帮助科技巨头建设数据中心并将其连接到发电厂和高压输电线，并将冷战时期的铀浓缩工厂改造为数据中心和发电厂综合体 1。得克萨斯州共和党州长格雷格·阿博特命令监管机构采取措施确保德州人不会因数据中心支付更高电费，并承诺明年推动更严格监管议程，包括取消该州每年超过10亿美元的税收减免 1。纽约州民主党州长凯茜·霍楚尔下令对大型数据中心实施为期一年的禁令 1。密歇根、俄勒冈和明尼苏达在过去18个月内颁布法律，保护其现有要求电力公司到2040年仅使用无排放能源的规定 1。
甲骨文和OpenAI正在新墨西哥州美墨边境附近建设名为Project Jupiter的数据中心综合体，计划投资1650亿美元 1。生物多样性中心挑战新墨西哥州对Project Jupiter钻井许可证的批准，称该州去年在忽略州法律规定的公众通知程序后批准了许可证 1。
A rising wave of community opposition to data centers across the United States is reshaping the midterm election landscape and affecting the massive investment plans of technology giants in the U.S. 1. Oracle, Meta, Google, Amazon, and Microsoft are expected to invest more than $700 billion in U.S. data centers this year 1. The enormous demand for water, electricity, and land by data centers has also triggered conflicts between environmental protection and climate goals 1.
Donald Trump, as the industry's biggest advocate, has defended the expansion 1. He stated last week that if he were a mayor or governor with the opportunity to bring in a large data center, "I would absolutely want it because the jobs are tremendous, the money paid and the taxes are tremendous" 1. The Trump administration is also pushing to help tech giants build data centers and connect them to power plants and high-voltage transmission lines, and to repurpose Cold War-era uranium enrichment plants into integrated data center and power generation complexes 1.
Meanwhile, multiple state governors are tightening their oversight of data centers, canceling tax benefits, or pausing projects 1. Texas Republican Governor Greg Abbott ordered regulators to take measures to ensure that Texans will not pay higher electricity bills due to data centers, and promised to push a stricter regulatory agenda next year, including canceling over $1 billion in annual state tax exemptions 1. In New York, Democratic Governor Kathy Hochul ordered a one-year ban on large data centers 1. Furthermore, Michigan, Oregon, and Minnesota have enacted laws over the past 18 months to protect their existing requirements that power companies use only zero-emission energy by 2040 1.
Specific developments are also encountering legal hurdles, notably the Project Jupiter data center complex under construction by Oracle and OpenAI near the U.S.-Mexico border in New Mexico, representing a planned $165 billion investment 1. The Center for Biological Diversity is challenging New Mexico's approval of drilling permits for Project Jupiter, stating that the state approved the permits last year after ignoring the public notice procedures required by state law 1.
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