一份最新报告指出，美国数据中心最大的隐性水资源消耗并非来自冷却用水，而是为其供电的发电环节 1。在弗吉尼亚、得克萨斯、加利福尼亚、伊利诺伊、佐治亚、俄亥俄和亚利桑那这七个托管了约半数美国数据中心的州，数据中心每年依赖约3.4万亿加仑淡水用于发电 1。该用水量约为洛杉矶、凤凰城和华盛顿特区年用水量总和的12倍 1。数据显示，这些地区78%的电力来自使用水运行的电厂，且66%使用水的电厂暴露于中高到极高的水资源压力下，大部分电厂位于面临水资源压力或干旱的地区 1。
随着人工智能推动数据中心建设加速，水资源、能源和土地风险急剧上升 1。多数电力生产商将数据中心视为电力需求上升的主要驱动因素 1。为此，报告呼吁各方评估并应对相关风险 1。
A recent report reveals that the largest hidden water consumption for data centers in the United States stems from power generation rather than cooling processes 1. Across seven states that host approximately half of the nation's data centers—namely Virginia, Texas, California, Illinois, Georgia, Ohio, and Arizona—these facilities rely on about 3.4 trillion gallons of freshwater annually to generate electricity 1. This water usage is about 12 times the combined annual water usage of Los Angeles, Phoenix, and Washington, D.C. 1.
The analysis notes that 78% of the electricity comes from water-operated power plants 1. Furthermore, 66% of these water-using power plants are exposed to medium-high to extremely high water stress or drought 1. With most power producers identifying data centers as the main driver of rising electricity demand, the acceleration of data center construction driven by artificial intelligence is sharply escalating water, energy, and land risks 1. Consequently, the report calls on all parties to evaluate and address the related risks 1.
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