炸弹捕鱼正严重破坏印度尼西亚珊瑚礁

伦敦动物学会等机构的研究人员利用水下麦克风和人工智能软件进行监测，发现印度尼西亚苏拉威西岛海域每年发生超过8000次炸弹捕鱼爆炸，导致珊瑚礁大面积被摧毁 1。2023年，英国和印尼研究人员在海底部署了150美元的录音设备，在斯佩尔蒙德群岛海域3600小时的录音中捕捉到超过3500次水下爆炸 1。研究团队计算指出，在这片面积仅350平方英里的区域，每年可能发生超过8500次爆炸，平均每62分钟发生一次，每年相当于三个足球场面积的珊瑚礁被摧毁 1。

炸弹捕鱼通常使用装有炸药的塑料瓶，论文第一作者Ben Williams称，单枚炸弹可造成200平方英尺的破坏，并能摧毁90英尺半径内的一切生物 1。这种破坏性的捕捞方式已在至少34个国家被记录 1。监测数据还显示，炸弹捕鱼全年都在进行，早晨时段达到高峰，但在当地祈祷日周五会显著减少 1。

自1990年以来，斯佩尔蒙德群岛约75%的珊瑚已因人类活动、白化和海水变暖而丧失 1。为了打击这一非法行为，研究团队已开源相关的AI识别代码，并呼吁建立实时声学监测网络 1。在相关执法方面，马来西亚当局于今年5月缴获了1250磅疑似用于制造鱼炸弹的氨肥 1。此外，印度尼西亚目前拥有超过7000万英亩的海洋保护区 1。

Researchers from the Zoological Society of London and other institutions have utilized underwater microphones and AI software to reveal the devastating scale of bomb fishing in the Spermonde Archipelago off the coast of Sulawesi, Indonesia 1. The researchers estimate that over 8,000 underwater explosions occur annually in the waters of Sulawesi 1. In 2023, British and Indonesian researchers deployed $150 recording devices on the seabed, capturing over 3,500 explosions across 3,600 hours of audio in the Spermonde Archipelago 1. Based on this data, the team calculated that more than 8,500 blasts occur each year across a 350-square-mile area, averaging one explosion every 62 minutes 1. This relentless activity destroys the equivalent of three football fields of coral reef annually 1.

Bomb fishing involves plastic bottles filled with explosives that can obliterate all marine life within a 90-foot radius, with a single blast causing 200 square feet of destruction, according to Ben Williams, the lead author of the study 1. This destructive practice has been documented in at least 34 countries 1. Acoustic data indicates that the illegal fishing occurs year-round, peaking in the mornings but dropping significantly on Fridays, the local day of prayer 1. The reefs are already under severe pressure, as approximately 75% of the coral in the Spermonde Archipelago has been lost since 1990 due to human activities, bleaching, and warming seas 1. Highlighting the broader regional threat, Malaysian authorities seized 1,250 pounds of ammonium fertilizer suspected of being used to make fish bombs in May of this year 1. In response to the crisis, the research team has open-sourced their AI identification code and is calling for the establishment of a real-time acoustic monitoring network to combat this illegal activity across Indonesia, a nation that possesses over 70 million acres of marine protected areas 1.