宾夕法尼亚州报告两例麻疹死亡病例，美国面临严峻疫情

宾夕法尼亚州卫生官员宣布，两名未接种麻疹疫苗的居民死于麻疹 123。这是该州35年来首次出现麻疹死亡病例 2，也是今年美国报告的首例麻疹死亡病例 3。这两名死者均居住在兰开斯特县 3。

宾夕法尼亚州今年已报告393例麻疹病例 1，近400例病例分布在28个县 23。在全国范围内，美国正经历自1991年以来最严重的麻疹疫情 3。美国2026年已确认2777例麻疹病例 1，截至周四的统计显示该数字超过了2025年创纪录的2289例 3。2025年曾有三人死于麻疹 3，去年德克萨斯州也有两名未接种疫苗的儿童死于麻疹爆发 1。此外，马里兰州宣布其三个县出现麻疹疫情，共有31例确诊病例 2；纽约州也呼吁居民接种疫苗 2。

疫情蔓延与疫苗接种率下降密切相关。美国麻疹疫苗接种率近年降至95%以下 3，CDC数据显示疫苗豁免申请创历史新高 2。在兰开斯特县，实现群体免疫需要95%的接种率 1，但当地幼儿园学生的麻疹疫苗接种率为85% 1，另有数据显示约为88% 3。在政策层面，特朗普总统签署行政令要求减少儿童疫苗接种，卫生部长小罗伯特·F·肯尼迪也在推动改变美国疫苗政策 1。美国曾在2000年通过维持高接种率消除麻疹本地传播 3，但国际卫生官员将于11月开会确定美国和墨西哥是否失去无麻疹状态 3，美国可能因此失去消除麻疹的地位 1。

Pennsylvania health officials have announced the deaths of two unvaccinated individuals from measles, marking the state's first measles fatalities in 35 years 2. The two deceased were residents of Lancaster County and represent the first measles deaths reported in the United States this year 3. This outbreak is part of the worst measles surge in the U.S. since 1991 3, with 2,777 cases confirmed in 2026 1. As of Thursday, the national case count reached 2,777, surpassing the previous record of 2,289 cases recorded in 2025, a year that also saw three measles-related deaths 3.

Pennsylvania has reported 393 measles cases this year 1, with other reports noting nearly 400 cases distributed across 28 counties 23. In Lancaster County, where the fatalities occurred, the kindergarten vaccination rate is reported at 85% 1, while another source indicates that about 88% of kindergarten students are up to date on their measles vaccines 3. Both figures fall short of the 95% vaccination coverage required to achieve herd immunity 1. Meanwhile, CDC data shows that vaccine exemption applications have reached a record high, contributing to declining measles vaccination rates nationwide 2.

The surge in cases has prompted public health alerts in other states, with Maryland recently announcing outbreaks in three counties totaling 31 confirmed cases, and New York urging residents to get vaccinated 2. The U.S. originally eliminated local measles transmission in 2000 through high vaccination rates 3. However, the country now faces the potential loss of its measles elimination status, as international health officials are scheduled to meet in November to determine if the U.S. and Mexico will lose their measles-free designation 13. This comes amid political shifts, as President Trump signed an executive order to reduce childhood vaccinations, and Health Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. is pushing to change U.S. vaccine policy 1. Additionally, two unvaccinated children died during a measles outbreak in Texas last year 1.