宾夕法尼亚大学Patricio A. Gallardo团队利用阿塔卡马宇宙学望远镜（ACT）获取的宇宙微波背景辐射观测数据，在数亿光年尺度的星系团上完成了迄今最大规模的引力定律测试 1。研究结果表明，引力强度随距离的衰减几乎完全符合牛顿平方反比定律与爱因斯坦广义相对论的预测，支持了这两大理论在宇宙尺度上依然成立 1。该研究成果于2026年8月24日发表于《Physical Review Letters》第136卷第15期（DOI: 10.1103/rk8v-rcm3） 1。
这一发现削弱了修正牛顿动力学（MOND）等试图修改引力定律的替代理论，同时进一步加强了暗物质作为宇宙缺失质量来源的证据 1。该项研究汇集了来自多个国家的40多名研究人员，并获得了美国国家科学基金会（AST-2206088等）、NASA、智利ANID、南非国家研究基金会以及加拿大NSERC等机构的资助 1。
A team led by Patricio A. Gallardo at the University of Pennsylvania has conducted the largest-ever test of the law of gravity on galaxy clusters across cosmic scales spanning hundreds of millions of light-years 1. Published in Physical Review Letters on August 24, 2026, the study utilized observational data from the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) focusing on the cosmic microwave background 1. The findings revealed that the decay of gravitational strength with distance aligns almost perfectly with the predictions of Newton's inverse-square law and Einstein's general theory of relativity 1. This extensive evaluation confirms that these foundational gravitational principles remain valid even at vast cosmic distances 1.
By demonstrating the continued accuracy of established gravitational laws, the research significantly weakens alternative theories that attempt to modify gravity, such as Modified Newtonian Dynamics 1. Instead, the results provide strengthened evidence for dark matter as the source of the universe's missing mass 1. The study involved more than 40 researchers from multiple countries and appeared in Volume 136, Issue 15 of the journal under the DOI 10.1103/rk8v-rcm3 1. Major funding for this collaborative effort was provided by the U.S. National Science Foundation, including grant AST-2206088, alongside NASA, Chile's ANID, the National Research Foundation of South Africa, and Canada's NSERC 1.
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