全球研究发现，十分之一的已知蝴蝶物种正在改变其活动范围，主要受到气候变化、极端天气和栖息地破坏的驱动[1]。这项研究基于超过6,180份蝴蝶范围转移报告，汇总了来自565项研究和68位专家评估的数据，涵盖105个国家的1,758个物种[1]。研究表明，80%的蝴蝶物种范围呈现扩大趋势，27%范围缩小，22%在山坡上下移动[1]。蝴蝶正在向更冷的纬度、山坡更高处或相反方向迁移[1]。
气候变化和极端天气成为蝴蝶范围转移最常见的原因，但农业、林业、城市发展和栖息地破坏也构成重要驱动因素[1]。具体案例包括印度亚大陆的褐色凤蝶已扩展到东南亚和澳大利亚，而英国小蓝蝶在过去150年失去了40%的栖息地[1]。研究指出，保护区需要更新规划，以包含物种迁移的目标地和连接走廊[1]。数据覆盖存在地域差异，欧洲和北美国家对蝴蝶的记录最为详细，而中非、东南亚、新几内亚和亚马逊盆地的数据最为缺乏[1]。
A global study has revealed that approximately one in ten known butterfly species has shifted its geographic range, driven primarily by climate change, extreme weather events, and habitat destruction.[1] The research, which analyzed over 6,180 reports of butterfly range shifts from 565 studies and 68 expert assessments covering 1,758 species across 105 countries, found that butterflies are migrating toward cooler latitudes, higher elevations on mountainsides, or in some cases moving in opposite directions.[1] Beyond climate factors, agricultural expansion, forestry, urban development, and general habitat loss have further accelerated these movements.[1]
The scale of these shifts varies significantly among species.[1] Eighty percent of butterfly species studied have expanded their ranges, while 27 percent have experienced range contractions, and 22 percent have undergone vertical movements on slopes.[1] Specific examples include the Brown Nawab butterfly from the Indian subcontinent, which has extended its range into Southeast Asia and Australia, and the Common Blue butterfly in Britain, which has lost 40 percent of its habitat over the past 150 years.[1]
The research indicates that conservation strategies require urgent updating to account for species migration patterns.[1] Protected areas need to be redesigned to include target destinations for migrating species and establish connecting corridors between habitats.[1] However, data gaps remain substantial, with Europe and North America providing the most detailed butterfly records, while Central Africa, Southeast Asia, New Guinea, and the Amazon Basin suffer from significant monitoring deficiencies.[1]
