2026年8月25日，日本高市政府推出包括减税、补贴及扩大支出在内的积极财政政策 1。其中，日本儿童家庭厅正就申请2027年度约7.8万亿日元预算概算要求进行协调，该规模创下该机构成立以来的历史新高 1。同时，高市政府计划从2027年4月起将食品消费税率从8%下调至1%，此项减税措施为期两年，期满后恢复至8% 1。
这些举措引发了日本国内民众、自民党内部及经济学界对政策成效和财政可持续性的广泛质疑 1。日本债务规模已超过其国内生产总值（GDP）的两倍 1。日本10年期国债收益率一度逼近3%，创下1996年以来的新高 1。日本财务省正考虑将计算下一财年债务偿付成本所采用的假定利率从3%提高至3.8%，为29年来的最高水平 1。扩大支出和减税可能进一步推高融资成本，加剧财政压力 1。此外，日本自民党内部有议员公开反对将食品消费税降至1%，相关税制改革负责人已辞职 1。
On August 25, 2026, Japan's Takaichi administration introduced an aggressive fiscal policy featuring tax cuts, subsidies, and expanded spending, sparking widespread skepticism among the public, economists, and members of the ruling Liberal Democratic Party regarding the policy's effectiveness and fiscal sustainability 1. As part of these measures, the Children and Families Agency is coordinating an application for a record-high budget of approximately 7.8 trillion yen for fiscal year 2027, marking the largest request since the agency's establishment 1. Additionally, the government plans to reduce the food consumption tax rate from 8% to 1% for a two-year period starting in April 2027, after which it will revert to the original 8% rate 1.
Japan's debt scale has already exceeded twice its gross domestic product, and the 10-year government bond yield once approached 3%, hitting its highest level since 1996 1. Against this backdrop, expanded spending and tax cuts could further drive up financing costs and exacerbate fiscal pressures 1. Furthermore, the Ministry of Finance is considering raising the assumed interest rate used to calculate debt servicing costs for the next fiscal year from 3% to 3.8%, which would be the highest level in 29 years 1. Meanwhile, the tax cut proposal has faced internal resistance, with some Liberal Democratic Party lawmakers openly opposing the reduction of the food consumption tax to 1%, leading to the resignation of the official in charge of the relevant tax reform 1.
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