澳大利亚援助工作者Zomi Frankcom在2024年加沙以色列空袭中丧生，以色列国防军随后宣布不对导致Frankcom及其他6名世界中央厨房援助人员死亡的空袭事件进行刑事诉讼1。Frankcom家族对此表示失望，要求澳大利亚政府"追求所有可用的法律途径，进行独立可信的调查"1。
援助人员遭遇暴力的现象正在恶化1。过去三年中有超过1,000名援助人员被杀害，其中2024年是死亡人数最多的一年1。自2023年10月以来，加沙已有400多名联合国工作人员丧生1。以色列国防军的军事调查因存在"非常低的起诉率"和长期延误而备受诟病，缺乏可信度1。
根据澳大利亚联邦刑法，针对援助人员的战争罪行可由其他国家的国内法院根据通用管辖权进行起诉1。澳大利亚与其他国家在2025年9月通过《保护人道主义人员宣言》，该宣言已获122个签署国支持1。
The Israeli Defense Forces announced they will not pursue criminal charges in connection with an airstrike that killed Australian aid worker Zomi Frankcom and six other World Central Kitchen staff members in Gaza during 2024 1. The decision has drawn sharp criticism from Frankcom's family, who are calling on the Australian government to "pursue all available legal avenues and conduct an independent credible investigation" 1.
The case underscores a systemic problem in holding parties accountable for harm to humanitarian workers. Over the past three years, more than 1,000 aid workers have been killed, with 2024 marking the deadliest year on record 1. Since October 2023 alone, over 400 United Nations staff members have been killed in Gaza 1. The Israeli military's internal investigations have been hampered by what observers describe as "very low prosecution rates" and prolonged delays, raising questions about their credibility 1.
Legal remedies remain available, however. Under Australian federal criminal law, war crimes committed against aid workers can be prosecuted by domestic courts of other nations through universal jurisdiction 1. In September 2025, Australia and other countries adopted the Declaration on the Protection of Humanitarian Personnel, which now has 122 signatory states 1.
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