加州大学圣地亚哥分校的科研团队利用宇树G1人形机器人在活体猪身上完成了全球首次通用人形机器人进行的标准腹腔镜胆囊切除手术，相关论文已于2026年7月发表在《Nature》期刊上[1]。医生通过遥操作指挥机器人完成了手术的主要操作步骤[1]。
尽管实现了这一突破，该系统仍存在明显局限。参与评估的医生给予其临床成熟度的中位数打分仅为2.5分（满分5分），暴露了机器人在多个方面的不足[1]。其中第二例手术过程中出现了少量胆汁外溢和肝床出血，后经吸引和电凝处理后完成[1]。机器人在执行精细操作时的误差也不容忽视，直线操作的误差约为1.3毫米，而复杂曲线轨迹的误差则达到10.4毫米[1]。
机器人的物理尺寸也成为制约因素。G1本体身高约1.3米，臂展约450毫米，而成年人的臂展通常为1.6至1.8米[1]，这种尺寸差异限制了其在标准手术环境中的应用范围。尽管成本优势明显——G1的起售价不到两万美元，而达芬奇等主流手术系统售价超过百万美元[1]——但论文第一作者梁泽楷认为机器人在五年内超过顶尖外科医生的预期并不现实[1]。
Researchers at the University of California, San Diego have demonstrated the world's first standard laparoscopic cholecystectomy performed by a general-purpose humanoid robot on a living subject [1]. The procedure, conducted using a Unitree G1 humanoid robot under remote operation by a surgeon, was published in Nature in July 2026 [1]. The research team successfully completed the primary surgical tasks across two procedures on live pigs, marking a significant milestone in surgical robotics [1].
However, the clinical assessment revealed substantial limitations in the robot's current capabilities [1]. Participating physicians assigned a median clinical maturity score of 2.5 out of 5 to the system, exposing critical constraints in the robot's design and performance [1]. The G1 robot, standing approximately 1.3 meters tall with an arm span of about 450 millimeters, falls significantly short compared to the adult human arm span of 1.6 to 1.8 meters [1]. Precision testing showed straight-line operational errors of approximately 1.3 millimeters, while complex curved trajectories exhibited errors of about 10.4 millimeters [1]. During the second procedure, minor bile leakage and liver bed bleeding occurred, which were subsequently managed through suction and electrocautery [1].
The affordability of the G1, priced at less than twenty thousand dollars, contrasts sharply with mainstream surgical systems like the da Vinci, which cost over one million dollars [1]. Despite the technological achievement, lead author Liang Zekai cautioned that expectations for the robot to surpass top surgeons within five years are unrealistic [1]. The World Health Organization projects a global shortage of approximately 11 million healthcare workers by 2030, highlighting the potential long-term significance of surgical robotics development [1].
