Monash University研究团队对676种南极微生物的基因组进行了分析，发现约98%的微生物物种存在与其他微生物交换基因的证据。1这些微生物通过水平基因转移共享"生存工具"，使其能够在南极的极端条件下生存。1
研究表明，微生物最频繁转移的是航空营养基因——使其能够从大气中的氢气和一氧化碳等气体获取能量的基因。1这一机制对维持南极土壤微生物生态系统的多样性至关重要。1微生物可通过三种方式进行水平基因转移：清理环境中的游离DNA、通过微观桥接接收DNA、通过病毒感染。1相关研究已发表于《自然通讯》期刊。1
Researchers analyzing the genomes of 676 microbial species from Antarctica have discovered that approximately 98% of these organisms show evidence of exchanging genes with one another.1 This horizontal gene transfer serves as a critical survival mechanism in the continent's harsh environment, allowing microbes to share essential biological tools adapted to extreme conditions.1
The study reveals that aerotrophic nutrition genes—which enable microorganisms to extract energy from atmospheric gases such as hydrogen and carbon monoxide—are among the most frequently transferred genes across species.1 These shared genetic capabilities are vital to maintaining the diversity of the Antarctic soil microbiome.1 Researchers identified three distinct mechanisms through which horizontal gene transfer occurs: the uptake of free DNA from the environment, the reception of DNA through microscopic bridges between cells, and the transmission of genetic material via viral infection.1 The findings were published in Nature Communications.1
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