随着人工智能在各行业的应用加速，中国工作者面临越来越大的失业风险。程序员费兆军及其160名同事近期被北京一家公司裁员，而在此之前，他的上司曾询问他AI是否能替代编程工作1。在政府"AI Plus"政策的推动下，AI技术在编程、翻译、文案创作等多个领域迅速应用，正在改变中国的就业格局。
企业采纳AI的速度令人瞩目。中国工业企业使用AI模型和代理的比例从2024年的9.6%跃升至去年的47.5%1。这一转变已经波及多个创意行业，中文短视剧数量在今年第一季度同比下降约75%1。翻译工作者杜勤春指出，翻译行业的薪资相比数年前已下降超过50%1，许多从业者被迫离职或转行。
就业市场的挑战尤为突出。中国城镇失业率约为5%，但青年群体的情况更为严峻，16至24岁人口的失业率约为三倍1。国际劳工组织的报告还显示，女性因AI使用而失业的风险高于男性1。不过，专家认为AI可能对经济造成就业风险，但长期看受中国人口老龄化影响，自动化也可能弥补劳动力缺口。预计到2050年，中国每个退休人员将由不足2个工作年龄人口支持，相比之下美国超过2.5个1。
Chinese workers across multiple industries are grappling with the threat of automation as artificial intelligence deployment rapidly expands nationwide. Programmer Fei Zhaojun and 160 colleagues were laid off by a Beijing-based company, an incident preceded by his supervisor's question about whether AI could replace programming work.1 The incident reflects broader anxiety as Chinese enterprises increasingly integrate AI into their operations.
The scale of AI adoption in Chinese industry has surged dramatically, with the proportion of industrial enterprises using AI models and agents jumping from 9.6 percent in 2024 to 47.5 percent last year.1 This expansion is being driven by the government's "AI Plus" policy, which is fueling rapid application of AI across sectors including programming, translation, and copywriting.1 The impact on creative industries has been particularly striking, with the volume of Chinese short-form dramas declining approximately 75 percent in the first quarter of this year compared to the same period previously.1 Translator Du Qinchun has witnessed firsthand how the translation sector has been affected, reporting that translator salaries have fallen more than 50 percent compared to several years ago.1
While some workers have adapted by learning to use AI tools, employment challenges remain significant. China's urban unemployment rate stands at approximately 5 percent, but the jobless rate for the 16-24 age group is roughly three times higher.1 An International Labour Organization report has found that women face higher unemployment risk from AI use than men.1 However, experts note that long-term demographic trends may present labor supply challenges. By 2050, China is projected to have fewer than 2 working-age people supporting each retiree, compared with more than 2.5 in the United States.1
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